/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file READ_ME
/*
/**********************************************************/

/*
	PROGRAM
		malloc(), free(), realloc()
	AUTHOR
		Dick Grune, Free University, Amsterdam
		Modified by Ceriel Jacobs, Free University, Amsterdam,
		to make it faster
	VERSION
		$Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $
	DESCRIPTION
	This is an independent rewrite of the malloc/free package; it is
	fast and efficient.  Free blocks are kept in doubly linked lists,
	list N holding blocks with sizes between 2**N and 2**(N+1)-1.
	Consequently neither malloc nor free have to do any searching:
	the cost of a call of malloc() (or free()) is constant, however
	many blocks you have got.
	
	If you switch on the NON_STANDARD macro (see param.h) every block
	costs 2 pointers overhead (otherwise it's 4).
*/
/*
	There is an organisational problem here: during devellopment
	I want the package divided into modules, which implies external
	names for the communication.  The only external names I want in
	the finished product are malloc, realloc and free.  This requires
	some hanky-panky.
*/


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file size_type.h
/*
/**********************************************************/

#if	_EM_WSIZE == _EM_PSIZE
typedef unsigned int size_type;
#elif	_EM_LSIZE == _EM_PSIZE
typedef unsigned long size_type;
#else
#error funny pointer size
#endif
#include	<stdlib.h>
#include	<stdio.h>


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file param.h
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */

#	undef	NON_STANDARD	/*	If defined, the contents of a block
					will NOT be left undisturbed after it
					is freed, as opposed to what it says
					in the manual (malloc(2)).
					Setting this option reduces the memory
					overhead considerably.  I personally
					consider the specified behaviour an
					artefact of the original
					implementation.
				*/

#	define	ASSERT		/*	If defined, some inexpensive tests
					will be made to ensure the
					correctness of some sensitive data.
					It often turns an uncontrolled crash
					into a controlled one.
				*/

#	define	CHECK		/*	If defined, extensive and expensive
					tests will be done, inculding a
					checksum on the mallinks (chunk
					information blocks).  The resulting
					information will be printed on a file
					called mal.out .
					Additionally a function
						maldump(n) int n;
					will be defined, which will dump
					pertinent info in pseudo-readable
					form; it aborts afterwards if n != 0.
				*/

#	undef	EXTERN		/*	If defined, all static names will
					become extern, which is a help in
					using adb(1) or prof(1)
				*/

#	define	STORE		/*	If defined, separate free lists will
					be kept of chunks with small sizes,
					to speed things up a little.
				*/

#	undef SYSTEM		/*	If defined, the system module is used.
					Otherwise, "sbrk" is called directly.
				*/

#define	ALIGNMENT	8	
				/* alignment common to all types */
#define	LOG_MIN_SIZE	3
#define	LOG_MAX_SIZE	24


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file impl.h
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
/*	This file essentially describes how the mallink info block
	is implemented.
*/

#define	MIN_SIZE	(1<<LOG_MIN_SIZE)
#define	MAX_FLIST	(LOG_MAX_SIZE - LOG_MIN_SIZE)
#if ALIGNMENT != 4 && ALIGNMENT != 8 && ALIGNMENT != 16
#error ALIGNMENT must be 4, 8 or 16
#elif ALIGNMENT % _EM_LSIZE
/* since calloc() does it's initialization in longs */
#error ALIGNMENT must be a multiple of the long size
#endif
#define align(n)	(((n) + (ALIGNMENT - 1)) & ~(ALIGNMENT - 1))

union _inf {
	union _inf *ptr;
	size_type ui;
};

typedef union _inf mallink;
#define	MAL_NULL	((mallink *)0)

/*	Access macros; only these macros know where to find values.
	They are also lvalues.
*/
#ifndef	NON_STANDARD
#define	OFF_SET	0
#else	/* def NON_STANDARD */
#define	OFF_SET	2
#endif	/* NON_STANDARD */

#define	_log_prev_of(ml)	((ml)[-1+OFF_SET]).ptr
#define	_log_next_of(ml)	((ml)[-2+OFF_SET]).ptr
#define	_phys_prev_of(ml)	((ml)[-3+OFF_SET]).ptr
#define	_this_size_of(ml)	((ml)[-4+OFF_SET]).ui
#ifndef	CHECK
#define	N_WORDS			4
#else	/* ifdef	CHECK */
#define	_checksum_of(ml)	((ml)[-5+OFF_SET]).ui
#define	_print_of(ml)		((ml)[-6+OFF_SET]).ui
#define	_mark_of(ml)		((ml)[-7+OFF_SET]).ui
#define	N_WORDS			7
#endif	/* CHECK */

#define	mallink_size()		(size_t) \
	align((N_WORDS - OFF_SET) * sizeof (mallink))

#ifdef	CHECK
#define	set_mark(ml,e)		(_mark_of(ml) = (e))
#define	mark_of(ml)		(_mark_of(ml))

#define	set_checksum(ml,e)	(_checksum_of(ml) = (e))
#define	checksum_of(ml)		(_checksum_of(ml))
#endif	/* CHECK */

#define new_mallink(ml)		( _log_prev_of(ml) = 0, \
				  _log_next_of(ml) = 0, \
				  _phys_prev_of(ml) = 0, \
				  _this_size_of(ml) = 0 )

#define	block_of_mallink(ml)	((void *)ml)
#define	mallink_of_block(addr)	((mallink *)addr)

#define	public	extern
#define	publicdata	extern
#ifndef	EXTERN
#define	private	static
#define	privatedata	static
#else	/* def	EXTERN */
#define	private	extern
#define	privatedata
#endif	/* EXTERN */

#ifdef	ASSERT
private m_assert(const char *fn, int ln);
#define	assert(b)		(!(b) ? m_assert(__FILE__, __LINE__) : 0)
#else	/* ndef	ASSERT */
#define	assert(b)		0
#endif	/* ASSERT */


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file check.h
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
#ifdef	CHECK

private check_mallinks(const char *s), calc_checksum(mallink *ml);
private check_work_empty(const char *s);
private started_working_on(mallink *ml), stopped_working_on(mallink *ml);

#else	/* ifndef	CHECK */

#define	maldump(n)		abort()
#define	check_mallinks(s)	0
#define	calc_checksum(ml)	0
#define	started_working_on(ml)	0
#define	stopped_working_on(ml)	0
#define	check_work_empty(s)	0

#endif	/* CHECK */


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file log.h
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
/*	Algorithms to manipulate the doubly-linked lists of free
	chunks.
*/

private link_free_chunk(mallink *ml), unlink_free_chunk(mallink *ml);
private mallink *first_present(int class);
private mallink *search_free_list(int class, size_t n);

#ifdef STORE
#define in_store(ml)		((size_type)_phys_prev_of(ml) & STORE_BIT)
#define set_store(ml, e) \
	(_phys_prev_of(ml) = (mallink *) \
		((e) ? (size_type) _phys_prev_of(ml) | STORE_BIT : \
		       (size_type) _phys_prev_of(ml) & ~STORE_BIT))
#endif
#define	set_log_prev(ml,e)	(_log_prev_of(ml) = (e))
#define	log_prev_of(ml)		(mallink *) (_log_prev_of(ml))

#define	set_log_next(ml,e)	(_log_next_of(ml) = (e))
#define	log_next_of(ml)		(mallink *) (_log_next_of(ml))



/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file phys.h
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
/*	Algorithms to manipulate the doubly-linked list of physical
	chunks.
*/
privatedata mallink *ml_last;

#define FREE_BIT		01
#ifdef STORE
#define STORE_BIT		02
#define BITS			(FREE_BIT|STORE_BIT)
#else
#define BITS			(FREE_BIT)
#endif

#define __bits(ml)		((int)((size_type)_phys_prev_of(ml) & BITS))
#define	__free_of(ml)		((int)((size_type)_phys_prev_of(ml) & FREE_BIT))
#define __phys_prev_of(ml)	((mallink *)((size_type)_phys_prev_of(ml) & ~BITS))
#define prev_size_of(ml)	((char *)(ml) - \
				 (char *)__phys_prev_of(ml) - \
				 mallink_size() \
				)
#define	set_phys_prev(ml,e) \
	(_phys_prev_of(ml) = (mallink *) ((char *)e + __bits(ml)))

#ifdef	CHECK
private Error(const char *fmt, const char *s, mallink *ml);
#define	phys_prev_of(ml)	(mallink *) \
	(first_mallink(ml) ? \
		(char *)Error("phys_prev_of first_mallink %p", "somewhere", ml) : \
		(char *)__phys_prev_of(ml) \
	)
#else	/* ndef	CHECK */
#define	phys_prev_of(ml)	__phys_prev_of(ml)
#endif	/* CHECK */

#define	first_mallink(ml)	(int) (__phys_prev_of(ml) == 0)
#define	last_mallink(ml)	(int) ((ml) == ml_last)

/*	There is an ambiguity in the semantics of phys_next_of: sometimes
	one wants it to return MAL_NULL if there is no next chunk, at
	other times one wants the address of the virtual chunk at the
	end of memory.  The present version returns the address of the
	(virtual) chunk and relies on the user to test last_mallink(ml)
	first.
*/
#define size_of(ml)		(_this_size_of(ml) - mallink_size())
#define	set_phys_next(ml,e) \
	(_this_size_of(ml) = (size_type)((char *)(e) - (char *)(ml)))
#define	phys_next_of(ml)	(mallink *) ((char *)(ml) + _this_size_of(ml))

#define	set_free(ml,e) \
	(_phys_prev_of(ml) = (mallink *) \
		((e) ? (size_type) _phys_prev_of(ml) | FREE_BIT : \
		       (size_type) _phys_prev_of(ml) & ~FREE_BIT))
#define	free_of(ml)		(__free_of(ml))

#define coalesce_forw(ml,nxt)	( unlink_free_chunk(nxt), \
				  combine_chunks((ml), (nxt)))

#define coalesce_backw(ml,prv)	( unlink_free_chunk(prv), \
				  stopped_working_on(ml), \
				  combine_chunks((prv), (ml)), \
				  started_working_on(prv))

#ifdef	CHECK
#define	set_print(ml,e)		(_print_of(ml) = (e))
#define	print_of(ml)		(_print_of(ml))
#endif	/* CHECK */

private truncate(mallink *ml, size_t size);
private combine_chunks(register mallink *ml1, register mallink *ml2);
private mallink *create_chunk(void *p, size_t n);


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file mal.c
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
#include	<limits.h>
#include	<stdlib.h>

/*	Malloc space is traversed by N doubly-linked lists of chunks, each
	containing a couple of house-keeping data addressed as a
	'mallink' and a piece of useful space, called the block.
	The N lists are accessed through their starting pointers in
	free_list[].  Free_list[n] points to a list of chunks between
	2**(n+LOG_MIN_SIZE) and 2**(n+LOG_MIN_SIZE+1)-1, which means
	that the smallest chunk is 2**LOG_MIN_SIZE (== MIN_SIZE).
*/

#ifdef SYSTEM
#include	<system.h>
#define SBRK	sys_break
#else
#define SBRK	_sbrk
#define	ILL_BREAK		(void *)(-1)	/* funny failure value */
#endif
extern void *SBRK(int incr);
#ifdef STORE
#define	MAX_STORE	32
private do_free(mallink *ml), sell_out(void);
privatedata mallink *store[MAX_STORE];
#endif /* STORE */

void *privious_free= (void *)-1;
void *
malloc(register size_t n)
{check_mallinks("malloc entry");{
	register mallink *ml;
	register int min_class;
	void *tmp;

{ static int reent= 0; if (!reent) { reent++; printf("malloc\n"); reent--; } }
privious_free= (void *)-1;
	if (n == 0) {
		return NULL;
	}
	if (n < MIN_SIZE) n = align(MIN_SIZE); else n = align(n);
#ifdef STORE
	if (n <= MAX_STORE*MIN_SIZE)	{
		/* look in the store first */
		register mallink **stp = &store[(n >> LOG_MIN_SIZE) - 1];
		
		if (ml = *stp)	{
			*stp = log_next_of(ml);
			set_store(ml, 0);
			check_mallinks("malloc fast exit");
			assert(! in_store(ml));
			tmp= block_of_mallink(ml);
{ static int reent= 0; if (!reent) { reent++; printf("= 0x%x\n", tmp);reent--; } }
			return tmp;
		}
	}
#endif /* STORE */

	check_work_empty("malloc, entry");

	/*	Acquire a chunk of at least size n if at all possible;
		Try everything.
	*/
	{
		/*	Inline substitution of "smallest".
		*/
		register size_t n1 = n;

		assert(n1 < (1L << LOG_MAX_SIZE));
		min_class = 0;

		do {
			n1 >>= 1;
			min_class++;
		} while (n1 >= MIN_SIZE);
	}

	if (min_class >= MAX_FLIST)
		return NULL;		/* we don't deal in blocks that big */
	ml = first_present(min_class);
	if (ml == MAL_NULL)	{
		/*	Try and extend */
		register void *p;
#define	GRABSIZE	4096		/* Power of 2 */
		register size_t req =
			((MIN_SIZE<<min_class)+ mallink_size() + GRABSIZE - 1) &
				~(GRABSIZE-1);
	
		if (!ml_last)	{
			/* first align SBRK() */
		
			p = SBRK(0);
			SBRK((int) (align((size_type) p) - (size_type) p));
		}

		/* SBRK takes an int; sorry ... */
		if ((int) req < 0) {
			p = ILL_BREAK;
		} else {
			p = SBRK((int)req);
		}
		if (p == ILL_BREAK) {
			req = n + mallink_size();
			if ((int) req >= 0) p = SBRK((int)req);
		}
		if (p == ILL_BREAK)	{
			/*	Now this is bad.  The system will not give us
				more memory.  We can only liquidate our store
				and hope it helps.
			*/
#ifdef STORE
			sell_out();
			ml = first_present(min_class);
			if (ml == MAL_NULL)	{
#endif /* STORE */
				/* In this emergency we try to locate a suitable
				   chunk in the free_list just below the safe
				   one; some of these chunks may fit the job.
				*/
				ml = search_free_list(min_class - 1, n);
				if (!ml)	/* really out of space */
					return NULL;
				started_working_on(ml);
				unlink_free_chunk(ml);
				check_mallinks("suitable_chunk, forced");
#ifdef STORE
			}
			else started_working_on(ml);
#endif /* STORE */
		}
		else {
			assert((size_type)p == align((size_type)p));
			ml = create_chunk(p, req);
		}
		check_mallinks("suitable_chunk, extended");
	}
	else started_working_on(ml);

	/* we have a chunk */
	set_free(ml, 0);
	calc_checksum(ml);
	check_mallinks("suitable_chunk, removed");
	n += mallink_size();
	if (n + MIN_SIZE <= size_of(ml)) {
		truncate(ml, n);
	}
	stopped_working_on(ml);
	check_mallinks("malloc exit");
	check_work_empty("malloc exit");
#ifdef STORE
	assert(! in_store(ml));
#endif
	tmp= block_of_mallink(ml);
{ static int reent= 0; if (!reent) { reent++; printf("= 0x%x\n", tmp);reent--; } }
	return tmp;
}}

void
free(void *addr)
{check_mallinks("free entry");{
	register mallink *ml;

printf("free 0x%x\n", addr);
if (privious_free == addr) { fflush(stdout); fflush(stderr); abort(); }
privious_free= addr;
	if (addr == NULL) {
		check_mallinks("free(0) very fast exit");
		return;
	}

	ml = mallink_of_block(addr);
#ifdef STORE

	if (free_of(ml) || in_store(ml))
		return;				/* user frees free block */
	if (size_of(ml) <= MAX_STORE*MIN_SIZE)	{
		/* return to store */
		mallink **stp = &store[(size_of(ml) >> LOG_MIN_SIZE) - 1];
		
		set_log_next(ml, *stp);
		*stp = ml;
		set_store(ml, 1);
		calc_checksum(ml);
		check_mallinks("free fast exit");
	}
	else	{
		do_free(ml);
		check_mallinks("free exit");
	}
}}

private
do_free(register mallink *ml)
{{
#endif

#ifndef STORE
	if (free_of(ml))	return;
#endif /* STORE */
	started_working_on(ml);
	set_free(ml, 1);
	calc_checksum(ml);
	if (! last_mallink(ml)) {
		register mallink *next = phys_next_of(ml);

		if (free_of(next)) coalesce_forw(ml, next);
	}

	if (! first_mallink(ml)) {
		register mallink *prev = phys_prev_of(ml);

		if (free_of(prev)) {
			coalesce_backw(ml, prev);
			ml = prev;
		}
	}
	link_free_chunk(ml);
	stopped_working_on(ml);
	check_work_empty("free");

	/* Compile-time checks on param.h */
	switch (0)	{
	case MIN_SIZE < OFF_SET * sizeof(mallink):	break;
	case 1:	break;
	/*	If this statement does not compile due to duplicate case
		entry, the minimum size block cannot hold the links for
		the free blocks.  Either raise LOG_MIN_SIZE or switch
		off NON_STANDARD.
	*/
	}
	switch(0)	{
	case sizeof(void *) != sizeof(size_type):	break;
	case 1:	break;
	/*	If this statement does not compile due to duplicate
		case entry, size_type is not defined correctly.
		Redefine and compile again.
	*/
	}
}}

void *
realloc(void *addr, register size_t n)
{check_mallinks("realloc entry");{
	register mallink *ml, *ph_next;
	register size_type size;

printf("realloc 0x%x, %d\n", addr, n);
	if (addr == NULL) {
		/*	Behave like most Unix realloc's when handed a
			null-pointer
		*/
		return malloc(n);
	}
	if (n == 0) {
		free(addr);
		return NULL;
	}
	ml = mallink_of_block(addr);
	if (n < MIN_SIZE) n = align(MIN_SIZE); else n = align(n);
#ifdef STORE
	if (in_store(ml)) {
		register mallink *stp = store[(size_of(ml) >> LOG_MIN_SIZE) - 1];
		mallink *stp1 = NULL;
		while (ml != stp)	{
			stp1 = stp;
			stp = log_next_of(stp);
		}
		stp = log_next_of(stp);
		if (! stp1) store[(size_of(ml) >> LOG_MIN_SIZE) - 1] = stp;
		else set_log_next(stp1, stp);
		set_store(ml, 0);
		calc_checksum(ml);
	}
#endif
	if (free_of(ml)) {
		unlink_free_chunk(ml);
		set_free(ml, 0);		/* user reallocs free block */
	}
	started_working_on(ml);
	size = size_of(ml);
	if (	/* we can simplify the problem by adding the next chunk: */
		n > size &&
		!last_mallink(ml) &&
		(ph_next = phys_next_of(ml), free_of(ph_next)) &&
		n <= size + mallink_size() + size_of(ph_next)
	)	{
		/* add in the physically next chunk */
		unlink_free_chunk(ph_next);
		combine_chunks(ml, ph_next);
		size = size_of(ml);
		check_mallinks("realloc, combining");
	}
	if (n > size)	{		/* this didn't help */
		void *new;
		register char *l1, *l2 = addr;

		stopped_working_on(ml);
		if (!(new = l1 = malloc(n))) return NULL;	/* no way */
		while (size--) *l1++ = *l2++;
		free(addr);
		check_work_empty("mv_realloc");
#ifdef STORE
		assert(! in_store(mallink_of_block(new)));
#endif
		return new;
	}
	/* it helped, but maybe too well */
	n += mallink_size();
	if (n + MIN_SIZE <= size_of(ml)) {
		truncate(ml, n);
	}
	stopped_working_on(ml);
	check_mallinks("realloc exit");
	check_work_empty("realloc");
#ifdef STORE
	assert(! in_store(ml));
#endif
	return addr;
}}

void *
calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
{check_mallinks("calloc entry");{
	long *l1, *l2;
	size_t n;

printf("calloc\n");
	if (size == 0) return NULL;
	if (nmemb == 0) return NULL;

	/* Check for overflow on the multiplication. The peephole-optimizer
	 * will eliminate all but one of the possibilities.
	 */
	if (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(int)) {
		if (UINT_MAX / size < nmemb) return NULL;
	} else if (sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(long)) {
		if (ULONG_MAX / size < nmemb) return NULL;
	} else return NULL;		/* can't happen, can it ? */

	n = size * nmemb;
	if (n < MIN_SIZE) n = align(MIN_SIZE); else n = align(n);
	if (n >= (1L << LOG_MAX_SIZE)) return NULL;
	l1 = (long *) malloc(n);
	l2 = l1 + (n / sizeof(long));	/* n is at least long aligned */
	while ( l2 != l1 ) *--l2 = 0;
	check_mallinks("calloc exit");
	check_work_empty("calloc exit");
	return (void *)l1;
}}
/*	Auxiliary routines */

#ifdef STORE
private
sell_out(void)	{
	/*	Frees all block in store.
	*/
	register mallink **stp;
	
	for (stp = &store[0]; stp < &store[MAX_STORE]; stp++)	{
		register mallink *ml = *stp;
		
		while (ml)	{
			*stp = log_next_of(ml);
			set_store(ml, 0);
			do_free(ml);
			ml = *stp;
		}
	}

}
#endif /* STORE */

#ifdef	ASSERT
private
m_assert(const char *fn, int ln)
{
	char ch;
	
	while (*fn)
		write(2, fn++, 1);
	write(2, ": malloc assert failed in line ", 31);
	ch = (ln / 100) + '0'; write(2, &ch, 1); ln %= 100;
	ch = (ln / 10) + '0'; write(2, &ch, 1); ln %= 10;
	ch = (ln / 1) + '0'; write(2, &ch, 1);
	write(2, "\n", 1);
	maldump(1);
}
#endif	/* ASSERT */


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file log.c
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */

/*	Logical manipulations.
	The chunks are properly chained in the physical chain.
*/

privatedata mallink *free_list[MAX_FLIST];

private
link_free_chunk(register mallink *ml)
{
	/*	The free chunk ml is inserted in its proper logical
		chain.
	*/
	register mallink **mlp = &free_list[-1];
	register size_type n = size_of(ml);
	register mallink *ml1;

	assert(n < (1L << LOG_MAX_SIZE));

	do {
		n >>= 1;
		mlp++;
	}
	while (n >= MIN_SIZE);

	ml1 = *mlp;
	set_log_prev(ml, MAL_NULL);
	set_log_next(ml, ml1);
	calc_checksum(ml);
	if (ml1) {
		/* link backwards
		*/
		set_log_prev(ml1, ml);
		calc_checksum(ml1);
	}
	*mlp = ml;
}

private
unlink_free_chunk(register mallink *ml)
{
	/*	Unlinks a free chunk from (the middle of) the
		logical chain.
	*/
	register mallink *next = log_next_of(ml);
	register mallink *prev = log_prev_of(ml);

	if (!prev)	{
		/* it is the first in the chain */
		register mallink **mlp = &free_list[-1];
		register size_type n = size_of(ml);

		assert(n < (1L << LOG_MAX_SIZE));
		do {
			n >>= 1;
			mlp++;
		}
		while (n >= MIN_SIZE);
		*mlp = next;
	}
	else	{
		set_log_next(prev, next);
		calc_checksum(prev);
	}
	if (next) {
		set_log_prev(next, prev);
		calc_checksum(next);
	}
}

private mallink *
search_free_list(int class, size_t n)
{
	/*	Searches the free_list[class] for a chunk of at least size n;
		since it is searching a slightly undersized list,
		such a block may not be there.
	*/
	register mallink *ml;
	
	for (ml = free_list[class]; ml; ml = log_next_of(ml))
		if (size_of(ml) >= n)
			return ml;
	return MAL_NULL;		/* nothing found */
}

private mallink *
first_present(int class)
{
	/*	Find the index i in free_list[] such that:
			i >= class && free_list[i] != MAL_NULL.
		Return MAL_NULL if no such i exists;
		Otherwise, return the first block of this list, after
		unlinking it.
	*/
	register mallink **mlp, *ml;

	for (mlp = &free_list[class]; mlp < &free_list[MAX_FLIST]; mlp++) {
		if ((ml = *mlp) != MAL_NULL)	{
	
			*mlp = log_next_of(ml);	/* may be MAL_NULL */
			if (*mlp) {
				/* unhook backward link
				*/
				set_log_prev(*mlp, MAL_NULL);
				calc_checksum(*mlp);
			}
			return ml;
		}
	}
	return MAL_NULL;
}

#ifdef	CHECK
private mallink *
free_list_entry(int i)	{
	/*	To allow maldump.c access to log.c's private data.
	*/
	return free_list[i];
}
#endif	/* CHECK */


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file phys.c
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
#include	<stdlib.h>

/*	Physical manipulations.
	The blocks concerned are not in any logical chain.
*/

private mallink *
create_chunk(void *p, size_t n)
{
	/*	The newly acquired piece of memory at p, of length n,
		is turned into a free chunk, properly chained in the
		physical chain.
		The address of the chunk is returned.
	*/
	register mallink *ml;
	/*	All of malloc memory is followed by a virtual chunk, the
		mallink of which starts mallink_size() bytes past the last
		byte in memory.
		Its use is prevented by testing for ml == ml_last first.
	*/
	register mallink *last = ml_last;
	
	assert(!last || p == (char *)phys_next_of(last) - mallink_size());
	ml = (mallink *)((char *)p + mallink_size());	/* bump ml */
	new_mallink(ml);
	started_working_on(ml);
	set_free(ml, 1);
	set_phys_prev(ml, last);
	ml_last = ml;

	set_phys_next(ml, (mallink *)((char *)ml + n));
	calc_checksum(ml);
	assert(size_of(ml) + mallink_size() == n);
	if (last && free_of(last)) {
		coalesce_backw(ml, last);
		ml = last;
	}
	check_mallinks("create_chunk, phys. linked");
	return ml;
}

private
truncate(register mallink *ml, size_t size)
{
	/*	The chunk ml is truncated.
		The chunk at ml is split in two.
		The remaining part is then freed.
	*/
	register mallink *new = (mallink *)((char *)ml + size);
	register mallink *ph_next = phys_next_of(ml);

	new_mallink(new);
	set_free(new, 1);
	set_phys_prev(new, ml);
	set_phys_next(new, ph_next);
	calc_checksum(new);
	if (! last_mallink(ml))	{
		set_phys_prev(ph_next, new);
		calc_checksum(ph_next);
		if (free_of(ph_next)) coalesce_forw(new, ph_next);
	}
	else	ml_last = new;
	set_phys_next(ml, new);
	calc_checksum(ml);

	started_working_on(new);
	link_free_chunk(new);
	stopped_working_on(new);
	check_mallinks("truncate");
}

private
combine_chunks(register mallink *ml1, register mallink *ml2)
{
	/*	The chunks ml1 and ml2 are combined.
	*/
	register mallink *ml3 = phys_next_of(ml2);

	set_phys_next(ml1, ml3);
	calc_checksum(ml1);
	if (!last_mallink(ml2))	{
		set_phys_prev(ml3, ml1);
		calc_checksum(ml3);
	}
	if (ml_last == ml2)
		ml_last = ml1;
}


/**********************************************************/
/*
/*		 This was file check.c
/*
/**********************************************************/

/* $Header: /cvsup/minix/src/commands/ash/test/malloc.c,v 1.1.1.1 2005/04/21 14:54:10 beng Exp $ */
/*
 * (c) copyright 1987 by the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
 * See the copyright notice in the ACK home directory, in the file "Copyright".
 */
#include	<stdio.h>

#ifdef	CHECK			/* otherwise this whole file is skipped */

/* ??? check these later */
private acquire_malout(void), check_ml_last(const char *s);
private dump_all_mallinks(void), dump_free_list(int i);
private dump_mallink(const char *s, mallink *ml), print_loop(mallink *ml);
private working_on(mallink *ml);
private size_type checksum(mallink *ml);
static FILE *malout;

private mallink *free_list_entry(int i);

#define	for_free_list(i,p) \
	for (p = free_list_entry(i); p; p = log_next_of(p))

#define	for_all_mallinks(ml)	/* backwards! */ \
	for (ml = ml_last; ml; \
		ml = first_mallink(ml) ? MAL_NULL : phys_prev_of(ml))

/* Maldump */

static int pr_cnt = 0;

maldump(int n)	{
	/*	Dump pertinent info in pseudo-readable format;
		abort afterwards if n != 0.
	*/
	static int dumping = 0;
	int i;
	
	if (dumping)
		return;
	dumping++;
	acquire_malout();
	fprintf(malout,
		">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> DUMP OF ALL MALLINKS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
	fprintf(malout, "    ml_last = %p\n", ml_last);
	if (++pr_cnt == 100) pr_cnt = 0;
	dump_all_mallinks();
	fprintf(malout,
		">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> DUMP OF FREE_LISTS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<\n");
	if (++pr_cnt == 100) pr_cnt = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_FLIST; i++)
		dump_free_list(i);
	fprintf(malout,
		">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> END OF DUMP <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<\n");
	fclose(malout);
	dumping--;
	if (n)
		abort();
}

private
acquire_malout(void)	{
	static char buf[BUFSIZ];
	
	if (!malout)	{
		malout = freopen("mal.out", "w", stderr);	
		setbuf(malout, buf);
	}
}

private
dump_all_mallinks(void)	{
	mallink *ml;
	
	for_all_mallinks (ml)	{
		if (print_loop(ml))
			return;
		dump_mallink((char *)0, ml);
	}
}

private
dump_free_list(int i)	{
	mallink *ml = free_list_entry(i);
	
	if (!ml)
		return;
	fprintf(malout, "%2d: ", i);
	for_free_list(i, ml)	{
		if (print_loop(ml))
			return;
		fprintf(malout, "%p ", ml);
	}
	fprintf(malout, "<\n");
}

private int
print_loop(mallink *ml)	{
	if (print_of(ml) == pr_cnt)	{
		fprintf(malout, "... PRINT LOOP\n");
		return 1;
	}
	set_print(ml, pr_cnt);
	return 0;
}

private
dump_mallink(const char *s, mallink *ml)	{
	acquire_malout();
	if (s)
		fprintf(malout, "%s: ", s);
	fprintf(malout, "@: %p;", ml);
	if (ml && checksum_of(ml) != checksum(ml))
		fprintf(malout, ">>>> CORRUPTED <<<<");
	if (!ml)	{
		fprintf(malout, "\n");
		return;
	}	
	if (free_of(ml))	{
		fprintf(malout, " l_p: %p;", _log_prev_of(ml));
		fprintf(malout, " l_n: %p;", _log_next_of(ml));
	}
	fprintf(malout, " p_s: %p;", prev_size_of(ml));
	fprintf(malout, " t_s: %p;", _this_size_of(ml));
	fprintf(malout, " sz: %lu;", (unsigned long) size_of(ml));
	fprintf(malout, " fr: %d;", free_of(ml));
	fprintf(malout, "\n");
}

/*	Check_mallinks() checks the total data structure as accessible
	through free_list[] and ml_last.  All check_sums should be OK,
	except those held in the small array off_colour.  This is a
	trick to allow to continue checking even when a few mallinks
	are temporarily out of order.
	Check_mallinks() tests for a lot of internal consistency.
*/

/* Some arbitrary constants */
#define	IN_ML_LAST	93
#define	IN_FREE_LIST	57		/* and in ml_last */
#define	CLEAR		21

#define	VRIJ		1
#define	BEZET		2

private
check_mallinks(const char *s)	{
	mallink *ml;
	size_type size;
	int i;
	char stat;
	
	check_ml_last(s);
	stat = BEZET;
	for_all_mallinks(ml)	{
		if (checksum_of(ml) != checksum(ml))
			Error("mallink info at %p corrupted", s, ml);
		if (working_on(ml))	{
			stat = BEZET;
			continue;
		}
		if (	!last_mallink(ml) &&
			phys_prev_of(phys_next_of(ml)) != ml
		)
			Error("upward chain bad at %p", s, ml);
		if (	!first_mallink(ml) &&
			phys_next_of(phys_prev_of(ml)) != ml
		)
			Error("downward chain bad at %p", s, ml);
		if (free_of(ml))	{
			if (stat == VRIJ)
				Error("free mallink at %p follows free mallink",
								s, ml);
			stat = VRIJ;
		}
		else
			stat = BEZET;
		set_mark(ml, IN_ML_LAST);
	}
	
	for (i = 0, size = MIN_SIZE; i < MAX_FLIST; i++, size *= 2)	{
		for_free_list(i, ml)	{
			if (working_on(ml))
				continue;
			if (!free_of(ml))
				Error("occupied mallink %p occurs in free_list", s, ml);
			switch (mark_of(ml))	{
			case IN_ML_LAST:
				set_mark(ml, IN_FREE_LIST);
				break;
			case IN_FREE_LIST:
				Error("mallink %p occurs in 2 free_lists",
								s, ml);
			default:
				Error("unknown mallink %p in free_list",
								s, ml);
			}
			if (size_of(ml) < size)
				Error("size of mallink %p too small", s, ml);
			if (size_of(ml) >= 2*size)
				Error("size of mallink %p too large", s, ml);
		}
	}
	for_all_mallinks (ml)	{
		if (working_on(ml))
			continue;
		if (free_of(ml) && mark_of(ml) != IN_FREE_LIST)
			Error("free mallink %p is in no free_list", s, ml);
		set_mark(ml, CLEAR);
	}
}

private
check_ml_last(const char *s)	{
	if (ml_last && _this_size_of(ml_last) == 0)
		Error("size of ml_last == 0, at %p", s, ml_last);
}

private size_type
checksum(mallink *ml)	{
	size_type sum = 0;
	
	if (free_of(ml))	{
		sum += (size_type)_log_prev_of(ml);
		sum += (size_type)_log_next_of(ml);
	}
	sum += (size_type)prev_size_of(ml);
	sum += (size_type)_this_size_of(ml);
	return sum;
}

private
calc_checksum(mallink *ml)	{
	set_checksum(ml, checksum(ml));
}

#define	N_COLOUR	10
static mallink *off_colour[N_COLOUR];

private
started_working_on(mallink *ml)	{
	int i;
	
	for (i = 0; i < N_COLOUR; i++)
		if (off_colour[i] == MAL_NULL)	{
			off_colour[i] = ml;
			return;
		}
	Error("out of off_colour array at %p", "started_working_on", ml);
}

private
stopped_working_on(mallink *ml)	{
	int i;
	
	for (i = 0; i < N_COLOUR; i++)
		if (off_colour[i] == ml)	{
			off_colour[i] = MAL_NULL;
			return;
		}
	Error("stopped working on mallink %p", "stopped_working_on", ml);
}

private int
working_on(mallink *ml)	{
	int i;
	
	for (i = 0; i < N_COLOUR; i++)
		if (off_colour[i] == ml)
			return 1;
	return 0;
}

private
check_work_empty(const char *s)	{
	int i;
	int cnt = 0;
	
	for (i = 0; i < N_COLOUR; i++)
		if (off_colour[i] != MAL_NULL)
			cnt++;
	if (cnt != 0)
		Error("off_colour not empty", s, MAL_NULL);
}

private int
Error(const char *fmt, const char *s, mallink *ml)	{
	static int already_called = 0;

	if (already_called++) return 0;
	setbuf(stdout, (char *) 0);
	printf("%s: ", s);
	printf(fmt, (long)ml);
	printf("\n");
	acquire_malout();
	fprintf(malout, "%s: ", s);
	fprintf(malout, fmt, (long)ml);
	fprintf(malout, "\n");
	fflush(stdout);
	maldump(1);
	return 0;			/* to satisfy lint */
}

#endif	/* CHECK */