| [9] | 1 | .TH CHMOD 1
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| 2 | .SH NAME
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| 3 | chmod \- change access mode for files
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| 4 | .SH SYNOPSIS
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| 5 | \fBchmod [\fB\-R\fR] \fImode \fIfile\fR ...\fR
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| 6 | .br
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| 7 | .de FL
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| 8 | .TP
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| 9 | \\fB\\$1\\fR
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| 10 | \\$2
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| 11 | ..
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| 12 | .de EX
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| 13 | .TP 20
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| 14 | \\fB\\$1\\fR
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| 15 | # \\$2
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| 16 | ..
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| 17 | .SH OPTIONS
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| 18 | .FL "\-R" "Change hierarchies recursively"
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| 19 | .SH EXAMPLES
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| 20 | .EX "chmod 755 file" "Owner: rwx Group: r\-x Others: r\-x"
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| 21 | .EX "chmod +x file1 file2" "Make \fIfile1\fR and \fIfile2\fR executable"
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| 22 | .EX "chmod a\-w file" "Make \fIfile\fR read only"
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| 23 | .EX "chmod u+s file" "Turn on SETUID for \fIfile\fR"
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| 24 | .EX "chmod \-R o+w dir" "Allow writing for all files in dir"
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| 25 | .SH DESCRIPTION
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| 26 | .PP
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| 27 | The given mode is applied to each file in the file list. If the \fB\-R\fR
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| 28 | flag is present, the files in a directory will be changed as well.
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| 29 | The mode can be either absolute or symbolic. Absolute modes are given as an
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| 30 | octal number that represents the new file mode. The mode bits are defined as
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| 31 | follows:
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| 32 | .ta 0.25i
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| 33 | .nf
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| 34 | .PP
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| 35 | 4000 Set effective user id on execution to file's owner id
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| 36 | 2000 Set effective group id on execution to file's group id
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| 37 | 0400 file is readable by the owner of the file
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| 38 | 0200 writeable by owner
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| 39 | 0100 executable by owner
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| 40 | 0070 same as above, for other users in the same group
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| 41 | 0007 same as above, for all other users
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| 42 | .PP
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| 43 | .fi
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| 44 | Symbolic modes modify the current file mode in a specified way. The form is:
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| 45 | .PP
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| 46 | [who] op permissions { op permissions ...} {, [who] op ... }
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| 47 | .PP
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| 48 | The possibilities for \fIwho\fR are \fIu\fR, \fIg\fR, \fIo\fR, and \fIa\fR,
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| 49 | standing for user, group, other and all, respectively.
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| 50 | If \fIwho\fR is omitted, \fIa\fR is assumed, but the current umask is used.
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| 51 | The op can be \fI+\fR, \fI-\fR, or \fI=\fR; \fI+\fR turns on the
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| 52 | given permissions, \fI\- \fRturns them off; \fI=\fR sets the permissions
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| 53 | exclusively for the given \fIwho\fR.
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| 54 | For example \fIg=x\fR sets the group permissions to \fI--x\fR.
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| 55 | .PP
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| 56 | The possible permissions are \fIr\fR, \fIw\fR, \fIx\fR; which stand for read,
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| 57 | write, and execute; \fIs\fR turns on the set effective user/group id bits.
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| 58 | \fIs\fR only makes sense with \fIu\fR and \fIg\fR;\fR o+s\fR is
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| 59 | harmless.
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| 60 | .SH "SEE ALSO"
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| 61 | .BR ls (1),
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| 62 | .BR chmod (2).
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