| [9] | 1 | .TH GETGRENT 3
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| 2 | .SH NAME
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| 3 | getgrent, getgrnam, getgrgid, setgrent, endgrent, setgrfile \- group file routines
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| 4 | .SH SYNOPSIS
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| 5 | .ft B
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| 6 | .nf
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| 7 | #include <grp.h>
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| 8 |
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| 9 | struct group *getgrent(void)
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| 10 | struct group *getgrnam(const char *\fIname\fP)
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| 11 | struct group *getgrgid(gid_t \fIgid\fP)
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| 12 | int setgrent(void)
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| 13 | void endgrent(void)
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| 14 | void setgrfile(const char *\fIfile\fP)
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| 15 | .fi
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| 16 | .ft P
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| 17 | .SH DESCRIPTION
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| 18 | These functions are used to obtain information from the group file. They
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| 19 | return this information in a
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| 20 | .B struct group
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| 21 | as defined by <grp.h>:
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| 22 | .PP
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| 23 | .nf
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| 24 | .ta +4n +6n +15n
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| 25 | struct group {
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| 26 | char *gr_name; /* login name */
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| 27 | char *gr_passwd; /* encrypted password */
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| 28 | gid_t gr_gid; /* numeric group id */
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| 29 | char **gr_mem; /* null-terminated list of group members */
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| 30 | };
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| 31 | .fi
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| 32 | .PP
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| 33 | .B Getgrent()
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| 34 | reads the group file entry by entry.
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| 35 | .B Getgrnam()
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| 36 | scans the entire group file for the group with the given
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| 37 | .IR name .
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| 38 | .B Getgrgid()
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| 39 | looks for the first group with the given
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| 40 | .IR gid .
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| 41 | The
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| 42 | .B setgrent()
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| 43 | and
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| 44 | .B endgrent()
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| 45 | functions are used to open and later close the group file. With
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| 46 | .B setgrfile()
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| 47 | one can specify the file to read other than the normal group file. This
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| 48 | only sets the name, the next
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| 49 | .B setgrent()
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| 50 | call will open the file. Do not touch the file name while it is active.
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| 51 | Use
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| 52 | .B setgrfile(NULL)
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| 53 | to revert back to the normal group file.
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| 54 | .PP
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| 55 | The usual way to scan the group file is (error checking omitted):
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| 56 | .PP
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| 57 | .RS
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| 58 | .nf
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| 59 | .DT
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| 60 | setgrent();
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| 61 | while ((gr = getgrent()) != NULL)
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| 62 | if (appropriate_test(gr)) break;
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| 63 | endgrent();
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| 64 | .fi
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| 65 | .RE
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| 66 | .PP
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| 67 | The
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| 68 | .B gr
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| 69 | variable contains the entry that is wanted if non-NULL. The
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| 70 | .B getgrnam()
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| 71 | and
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| 72 | .B getgrgid()
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| 73 | functions are implemented as in this example, with error checking of course.
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| 74 | .PP
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| 75 | .B Getgrent()
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| 76 | calls
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| 77 | .B setgrent()
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| 78 | if this has not yet been done.
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| 79 | .B Setgrent()
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| 80 | first calls
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| 81 | .B endgrent()
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| 82 | if the group file is still open. (Other implementations may simply
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| 83 | rewind the file.)
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| 84 | .SH FILES
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| 85 | .TP 15
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| 86 | .B /etc/group
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| 87 | The group file database.
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| 88 | .SH "SEE ALSO"
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| 89 | .BR getgroups (2),
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| 90 | .BR initgroups (3),
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| 91 | .BR getpwent (3),
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| 92 | .BR passwd (5).
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| 93 | .SH DIAGNOSTICS
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| 94 | .B Setgrent()
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| 95 | has the same return value and error codes as the
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| 96 | .BR open (2)
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| 97 | call it uses to open the group file. The
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| 98 | .BI get xxx ()
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| 99 | functions return NULL on end of file, entry not found, or error. You can
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| 100 | set
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| 101 | .B errno
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| 102 | to zero before the call and check it after.
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| 103 | .SH NOTES
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| 104 | All
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| 105 | .BI get xxx ()
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| 106 | routines return a pointer to static storage that is overwritten in each call.
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| 107 | .PP
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| 108 | Only
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| 109 | .B getgrnam()
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| 110 | and
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| 111 | .B getgrgid()
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| 112 | are defined by \s-2POSIX\s+2. The
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| 113 | .B _MINIX_SOURCE
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| 114 | macro must be defined before including <grp.h> to make the other functions
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| 115 | visible. The
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| 116 | .B gr_passwd
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| 117 | field is also not defined by \s-2POSIX\s+2, but is always visible.
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| 118 | Portable code cannot reliably detect errors by setting
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| 119 | .B errno
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| 120 | to zero. Under MINIX 3 it is better to make a
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| 121 | .B getgrent()
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| 122 | scan if you need to look up several group-id's or names, but portable code
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| 123 | had better use several
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| 124 | .B getgrgid()
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| 125 | or
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| 126 | .B getgrnam()
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| 127 | calls. The
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| 128 | .B getgrent()
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| 129 | is usually available on other systems, but may be very expensive. See
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| 130 | .BR initgroups (3)
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| 131 | if you are after supplementary group id's.
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| 132 | .SH AUTHOR
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| 133 | Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)
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| 134 |
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| 135 | .\"
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| 136 | .\" $PchId: getgrent.3,v 1.2 1996/04/11 06:35:01 philip Exp $
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