Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/access.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/access.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,109 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)access.2 6.5 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH ACCESS 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -access \- determine accessibility of file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include -#include -.PP -.ft B -.ta 1.25i 1.6i -.nf -#define R_OK 4 /* test for read permission */ -#define W_OK 2 /* test for write permission */ -#define X_OK 1 /* test for execute (search) permission */ -#define F_OK 0 /* test for presence of file */ -.PP -.ft B -.nf -int access(const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Access -checks the given -file -.I path -for accessibility according to -.IR mode , -which is an inclusive or of the bits -.BR R_OK , -.BR W_OK -and -.BR X_OK . -Specifying -.I mode -as -.B F_OK -(i.e., 0) -tests whether the directories leading to the file can be -searched and the file exists. -.PP -The real user ID and the group access list -(including the real group ID) are -used in verifying permission, so this call -is useful to set-UID programs. -.PP -Notice that only access bits are checked. -A directory may be indicated as writable by -.BR access , -but an attempt to open it for writing will fail -(although files may be created there); -a file may look executable, but -.B execve -will fail unless it is in proper format. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -If -.I path -cannot be found or if any of the desired access modes would -not be granted, then a \-1 value is returned; otherwise -a 0 value is returned. -.SH "ERRORS -Access to the file is denied if one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Permission bits of the file mode do not permit the requested -access, or search permission is denied on a component of the -path prefix. The owner of a file has permission checked with -respect to the ``owner'' read, write, and execute mode bits, -members of the file's group other than the owner have permission -checked with respect to the ``group'' mode bits, and all -others have permissions checked with respect to the ``other'' -mode bits. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.SH "SEE ALSO -.BR chmod (2), -.BR stat (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/alarm.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/alarm.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,38 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)alarm.3c 6.3 (Berkeley) 5/27/86 -.\" -.TH ALARM 2 "May 27, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -alarm \- schedule signal after specified time -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -unsigned int alarm(unsigned int \fIseconds\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Alarm -causes signal SIGALRM, see -.BR sigaction (2), -to be sent to the invoking process -in a number of seconds given by the argument. -Unless caught or ignored, the signal terminates the process. -.PP -Alarm requests are not stacked; successive calls reset the alarm clock. -If the argument is 0, any alarm request is canceled. -Because of scheduling delays, -resumption of execution of when the signal is -caught may be delayed an arbitrary amount. -.PP -The return value is the amount of time previously remaining in the alarm clock. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR pause (2), -.BR sigsuspend (2), -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR sleep (3). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/brk.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/brk.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,86 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)brk.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH BRK 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -brk, sbrk \- change data segment size -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -#include -.PP -.ft B -int brk(char *\fIaddr\fP) -.PP -.ft B -char *sbrk(int \fIincr\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Brk -sets the system's idea of the lowest data segment -location not used by the program (called the break) -to -.IR addr . -Locations greater than -.I addr -and below the stack pointer -are not in the address space and will thus -cause a memory violation if accessed. -.PP -In the alternate function -.BR sbrk , -.I incr -more bytes are added to the -program's data space and a pointer to the -start of the new area is returned. -.PP -When a program begins execution via -.B execve -the break is set at the -highest location defined by the program -and data storage areas. -Ordinarily, therefore, only programs with growing -data areas need to use -.BR sbrk . -.SH "RETURN VALUE -The address of the new break is returned if -.B brk -succeeds; -.B \-1 -if the program requests more -memory than the system limit. -.B Sbrk -returns -.B \-1 -if the break could not be set. -.SH ERRORS -.B Sbrk -will fail and no additional memory will be allocated if -one of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOMEM] -The maximum possible size of a data segment (as set by -.BR chmem (1)) -was exceeded. -.TP 15 -[ENOMEM] -Insufficient virtual memory space existed -to support the expansion. (Minix-vmd) -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chmem (1), -.BR execve (2), -.BR malloc (3), -.BR end (3). -.SH NOTES -Minix-vmd rounds a small data segment limit up to 3 megabytes. -.SH BUGS -Setting the break may fail due to a temporary lack of -virtual memory under Minix-vmd. It is not possible to distinguish this -from a failure caused by exceeding the maximum size of -the data segment. - -.\" -.\" $PchId: brk.2,v 1.2 2000/08/11 20:05:51 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/chdir.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/chdir.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,66 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)chdir.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH CHDIR 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -chdir, fchdir \- change current working directory -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int chdir(const char *\fIpath\fP) -int fchdir(int \fIfd\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Path -is the pathname of a directory. -.I Fd -is the file descriptor of a directory. - -.B Chdir -causes this directory -to become the current working directory, -the starting point for path names not beginning with ``/''. -.PP -In order for a directory to become the current directory, -a process must have execute (search) access to the directory. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and \fBerrno\fP is set to indicate -the error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Chdir -will fail and the current working directory will be unchanged if -one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named directory does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for any component of -the path name. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chroot (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/chmod.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/chmod.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,132 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)chmod.2 6.5 (Berkeley) 5/13/86 -.\" -.TH CHMOD 2 "May 13, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -chmod \- change mode of file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -int chmod(const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP) -.ig \" You never know -.PP -.ft B -int fchmod(int \fIfd\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP) -.. -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The file whose name -is given by \fIpath\fP -.ig -or referenced by the descriptor -.I fd -.. -has its mode changed to -.IR mode . -Modes are constructed by -.IR or 'ing -together some -combination of the following, defined in -.IR : -.PP -.RS -.nf -.ta \w'S_ISUID\ \ 'u +\w'04000\ \ \ 'u -S_ISUID 04000 set user ID on execution -S_ISGID 02000 set group ID on execution -S_ISVTX 01000 `sticky bit' (see below) -S_IRWXU 00700 read, write, execute by owner -S_IRUSR 00400 read by owner -S_IWUSR 00200 write by owner -S_IXUSR 00100 execute (search on directory) by owner -S_IRWXG 00070 read, write, execute by group -S_IRGRP 00040 read by group -S_IWGRP 00020 write by group -S_IXGRP 00010 execute (search on directory) by group -S_IRWXO 00007 read, write, execute by others -S_IROTH 00004 read by others -S_IWOTH 00002 write by others -S_IXOTH 00001 execute (search on directory) by others -.fi -.RE -.PP -If mode ISVTX (the `sticky bit') is set on a directory, -an unprivileged user may not delete or rename -files of other users in that directory. (Minix-vmd) -.PP -Only the owner of a file (or the super-user) may change the mode. -.PP -Writing or changing the owner of a file -turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits -unless the user is the super-user. -This makes the system somewhat more secure -by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id) files -from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified, -at the expense of a degree of compatibility. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Chmod -will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and -the effective user ID is not the super-user. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.ig -.PP -.I Fchmod -will fail if: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -The descriptor is not valid. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chmod (1), -.BR open (2), -.BR chown (2), -.BR stat (2). -.SH NOTES -The sticky bit was historically used to lock important executables into -memory. Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/chown.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/chown.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,102 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)chown.2 6.6 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH CHOWN 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -chown \- change owner and group of a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -int chown(const char *\fIpath\fP, int \fIowner\fP, int \fIgroup\fP) -.ig \" You never know -.PP -.ft B -int fchown(int \fIfd\fP, int \fIowner\fP, int \fIgroup\fP) -.. -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The file -that is named by \fIpath\fP -.ig -or referenced by \fIfd\fP -.. -has its -.I owner -and -.I group -changed as specified. -Only the super-user -may change the owner of the file, -because if users were able to give files away, -they could defeat file-space accounting procedures. -The owner of the file may change the group -to a group of which he is a member. -.PP -On some systems, -.I chown -clears the set-user-id and set-group-id bits -on the file -to prevent accidental creation of -set-user-id and set-group-id programs. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Zero is returned if the operation was successful; -\-1 is returned if an error occurs, with a more specific -error code being placed in the global variable \fBerrno\fP. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Chown -will fail and the file will be unchanged if: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The effective user ID is not the super-user. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.ig -.PP -.B Fchown -will fail if: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -.I Fd -does not refer to a valid descriptor. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The effective user ID is not the super-user. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chown (8), -.BR chgrp (1), -.BR chmod (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/chroot.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/chroot.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,62 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)chroot.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH CHROOT 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 5 -.SH NAME -chroot \- change root directory -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int chroot(const char *\fIdirname\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Dirname -is the address of the pathname of a directory, terminated by a null byte. -.B Chroot -causes this directory -to become the root directory, -the starting point for path names beginning with ``/''. -.PP -In order for a directory to become the root directory -a process must have execute (search) access to the directory. -.PP -This call is restricted to the super-user. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, -a value of \-1 is returned and \fBerrno\fP is set to indicate an error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Chroot -will fail and the root directory will be unchanged if -one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path name is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named directory does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for any component of the path name. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chdir (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/close.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/close.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,84 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)close.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH CLOSE 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -close \- delete a descriptor -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int close(int \fId\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B close -call deletes a descriptor from the per-process object -reference table. -If this is the last reference to the underlying object, then -it will be deactivated. -For example, on the last close of a file -the current \fIseek\fP pointer associated with the file is lost; -on the last close of a TCP/IP descriptor -associated naming information and queued data are discarded; -on the last close of a file holding an advisory lock -the lock is released (see further -.BR fcntl (2)). -.PP -A close of all of a process's descriptors is automatic on -.IR exit , -but since -there is a limit on the number of active descriptors per process, -.B close -is necessary for programs that deal with many descriptors. -.PP -When a process forks (see -.BR fork (2)), -all descriptors for the new child process reference the same -objects as they did in the parent before the fork. -If a new process is then to be run using -.BR execve (2), -the process would normally inherit these descriptors. Most -of the descriptors can be rearranged with -.BR dup2 (2) -or deleted with -.B close -before the -.B execve -is attempted, but if some of these descriptors will still -be needed if the -.B execve -fails, it is necessary to arrange for them to be closed if the -.B execve -succeeds. -For this reason, the call ``fcntl(d, F_SETFD, \fIflags\fR)'' is provided, -that can be used to mark a descriptor "close on exec" by setting -the -.B FD_CLOEXEC -flag: -.PP -.RS -fcntl(d, F_SETFD, fcntl(d, F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC); -.RE -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and the global integer variable -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Close -will fail if: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -\fID\fP is not an active descriptor. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR open (2), -.BR pipe (2), -.BR execve (2), -.BR fcntl (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/creat.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/creat.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,142 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)creat.2 6.6 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH CREAT 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -creat \- create a new file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -int creat(const char *\fIname\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.ft B -This interface is made obsolete by open(2), it is equivalent to -.ft R -.PP -.RS -open(\fIname\fP, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, \fImode\fP) -.RE -.PP -.B Creat -creates a new file or prepares to rewrite an existing -file called -.IR name , -given as the address of a null-terminated string. -If the file did not exist, it is given -mode -.IR mode , -as modified by the process's mode mask (see -.BR umask (2)). -Also see -.BR chmod (2) -for the -construction of the -.I mode -argument. -.PP -If the file did exist, its mode and owner remain unchanged -but it is truncated to 0 length. -.PP -The file is also opened for writing, and its file descriptor -is returned. -.SH NOTES -The -.I mode -given is arbitrary; it need not allow -writing. -This feature has been used in the past by -programs to construct a simple, exclusive locking -mechanism. It is replaced by the O_EXCL open -mode, or the advisory locking of the -.BR fcntl (2) -facility. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -The value \-1 is returned if an error occurs. Otherwise, -the call returns a non-negative descriptor that only permits -writing. -.SH ERRORS -.I Creat -will fail and the file will not be created or truncated -if one of the following occur: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The file does not exist and the directory -in which it is to be created is not writable. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The file exists, but it is unwritable. -.TP 15 -[EISDIR] -The file is a directory. -.TP 15 -[EMFILE] -There are already too many files open. -.TP 15 -[ENFILE] -The system file table is full. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The directory in which the entry for the new file is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -There are no free inodes on the file system on which the -file is being created. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The directory in which the entry for the new file -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The user's quota of inodes on the file system on -which the file is being created has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[ENXIO] -The file is a character special or block special file, and -the associated device does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry or allocating the inode. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Name -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR open (2), -.BR write (2), -.BR close (2), -.BR chmod (2), -.BR umask (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/dup.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/dup.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,86 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)dup.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/86 -.\" -.TH DUP 2 "May 13, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -dup, dup2 \- duplicate a descriptor -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int dup(int \fIoldd\fP) -int dup2(int \fIoldd\fP, int \fInewd\fP) -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Dup -duplicates an existing descriptor. -The argument \fIoldd\fP is a small non-negative integer index in -the per-process descriptor table. The value must be less -than OPEN_MAX, the size of the table. -The new descriptor returned by the call, let's name it -.I newd, -is the lowest numbered descriptor that is -not currently in use by the process. -.PP -The object referenced by the descriptor does not distinguish -between references using \fIoldd\fP and \fInewd\fP in any way. -Thus if \fInewd\fP and \fIoldd\fP are duplicate references to an open -file, -.BR read (2), -.BR write (2) -and -.BR lseek (2) -calls all move a single pointer into the file, -and append mode, non-blocking I/O and asynchronous I/O options -are shared between the references. -If a separate pointer into the file is desired, a different -object reference to the file must be obtained by issuing an -additional -.BR open (2) -call. -The close-on-exec flag on the new file descriptor is unset. -.PP -In the second form of the call, the value of -.IR newd -desired is specified. If this descriptor is already -in use, the descriptor is first deallocated as if a -.BR close (2) -call had been done first. -.I Newd -is not closed if it equals -.IR oldd . -.SH "RETURN VALUE -The value \-1 is returned if an error occurs in either call. -The external variable -.B errno -indicates the cause of the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Dup -and -.B dup2 -fail if: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -\fIOldd\fP or -\fInewd\fP is not a valid active descriptor -.TP 15 -[EMFILE] -Too many descriptors are active. -.SH NOTES -.B Dup -and -.B dup2 -are now implemented using the -.B F_DUPFD -function of -.BR fcntl (2), -although the old system call interfaces still exist to support old programs. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR open (2), -.BR close (2), -.BR fcntl (2), -.BR pipe (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/execve.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/execve.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,206 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)execve.2 6.7 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH EXECVE 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -execve \- execute a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int execve(const char *\fIname\fP, char *const \fIargv\fP[], char *const \fIenvp\fP[]) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Execve -transforms the calling process into a new process. -The new process is constructed from an ordinary file -called the \fInew process file\fP. -This file is either an executable object file, -or a file of data for an interpreter. -An executable object file consists of an identifying header, -followed by pages of data representing the initial program (text) -and initialized data pages. Additional pages may be specified -by the header to be initialized with zero data. See -.BR a.out (5). -.PP -An interpreter file begins with a line of the form ``#! \fIinterpreter\fP''. -When an interpreter file is -.BR execve\| 'd, -the system \fBexecve\fP\|'s the specified \fIinterpreter\fP, giving -it the name of the originally exec'd file as an argument and -shifting over the rest of the original arguments. -.PP -There can be no return from a successful \fBexecve\fP because the calling -core image is lost. -This is the mechanism whereby different process images become active. -.PP -The argument \fIargv\fP is a null-terminated array of character pointers -to null-terminated character strings. These strings constitute -the argument list to be made available to the new -process. By convention, at least one argument must be present in -this array, and the first element of this array should be -the name of the executed program (i.e., the last component of \fIname\fP). -.PP -The argument \fIenvp\fP is also a null-terminated array of character pointers -to null-terminated strings. These strings pass information to the -new process that is not directly an argument to the command (see -.BR environ (7)). -.PP -Descriptors open in the calling process remain open in -the new process, except for those for which the close-on-exec -flag is set (see -.BR close (2)). -Descriptors that remain open are unaffected by -.BR execve . -.PP -Ignored signals remain ignored across an -.BR execve , -but signals that are caught are reset to their default values. -Blocked signals remain blocked regardless of changes to the signal action. -The signal stack is reset to be undefined (see -.BR sigaction (2) -for more information). -.PP -Each process has -.I real -user and group IDs and an -.I effective -user and group IDs. The -.I real -ID identifies the person using the system; the -.I effective -ID determines his access privileges. -.B Execve -changes the effective user and group ID to -the owner of the executed file if the file has the \*(lqset-user-ID\*(rq -or \*(lqset-group-ID\*(rq modes. The -.I real -user ID is not affected. -.PP -The new process also inherits the following attributes from -the calling process: -.PP -.in +5n -.nf -.ta +2i -process ID see \fBgetpid\fP\|(2) -parent process ID see \fBgetppid\fP\|(2) -process group ID see \fBgetpgrp\fP\|(2) -access groups see \fBgetgroups\fP\|(2) -working directory see \fBchdir\fP\|(2) -root directory see \fBchroot\fP\|(2) -control terminal see \fBtty\fP\|(4) -alarm timer see \fBalarm\fP\|(2) -file mode mask see \fBumask\fP\|(2) -signal mask see \fBsigaction\fP\|(2), \fBsigprocmask\fP\|(2) -.in -5n -.fi -.PP -When the executed program begins, it is called as follows: -.PP -.RS -.ft B -.nf -int main(int \fIargc\fP, char *const \fIargv\fP[], char *const \fIenvp\fP[]); - -exit(main(\fIargc\fP, \fIargv\fP, \fIenvp\fP)); -.fi -.ft R -.RE -.PP -where -.I argc -is the number of elements in \fIargv\fP -(the ``arg count'') -and -.I argv -is the array of character pointers -to the arguments themselves. -.PP -.I Envp -is a pointer to an array of strings that constitute -the -.I environment -of the process. -A pointer to this array is also stored in the global variable ``environ''. -Each string consists of a name, an \*(lq=\*(rq, and a null-terminated value. -The array of pointers is terminated by a null pointer. -The shell -.BR sh (1) -passes an environment entry for each global shell variable -defined when the program is called. -See -.BR environ (7) -for some conventionally -used names. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -If -.B execve -returns to the calling process an error has occurred; the -return value will be \-1 and the global variable -.B errno -will contain an error code. -.SH ERRORS -.B Execve -will fail and return to the calling process if one or more -of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The new process file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The new process file is not an ordinary file. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The new process file mode denies execute permission. -.TP 15 -[ENOEXEC] -The new process file has the appropriate access -permission, but has an invalid magic number in its header. -.TP 15 -[ENOMEM] -The new process requires more (virtual) memory than -is currently available. -.TP 15 -[E2BIG] -The number of bytes in the new process's argument list -is larger than the system-imposed limit ARG_MAX. -The limit in the system as released is 4096 bytes for -16-bit MINIX 3, 16384 bytes for 32-bit Minix, and unlimited for Minix-vmd. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -\fIPath\fP\|, \fIargv\fP\|, or \fIenvp\fP point -to an illegal address. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system. -.SH CAVEATS -If a program is -.I setuid -to a non-super-user, but is executed when -the real \fBuid\fP is ``root'', then the program has some of the powers -of a super-user as well. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR exit (2), -.BR fork (2), -.BR execl (3), -.BR environ (7). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/exit.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/exit.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,57 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)exit.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH EXIT 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -exit, _exit \- terminate a process -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -void _exit(int \fIstatus\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.de SP -.if t .sp 0.4 -.if n .sp -.. -.B _exit -terminates a process with the following consequences: -.RS -.SP -All of the descriptors open in the calling process are closed. -This may entail delays, for example, waiting for output to drain; -a process in this state may not be killed, as it is already dying. -.SP -If the parent process of the calling process is executing a -.B wait -or is interested in the SIGCHLD signal (Minix-vmd), -then it is notified of the calling process's termination and -the low-order eight bits of \fIstatus\fP are made available to it; -see -.BR wait (2). -.SP -The parent process ID of all of the calling process's existing child -processes are also set to 1. This means that the initialization process -(see -.BR intro (2)) -inherits each of these processes as well. -.ig -Any stopped children are restarted with a hangup signal (SIGHUP). -.. -.RE -.PP -Most C programs call the library routine -.BR exit (3), -which performs cleanup actions in the standard I/O library before -calling \fI_exit\fP\|. -.SH "RETURN VALUE" -This call never returns. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR fork (2), -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR wait (2), -.BR exit (3). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/fcntl.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/fcntl.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,262 +1,0 @@ -.TH FCNTL 2 -.SH NAME -fcntl \- miscellaneous file descriptor control functions -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int fcntl(int \fIfd\fP, int \fIcmd\fP, \fR[\fP\fIdata\fP\fR]\fP) -.ft P -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.de SP -.if t .sp 0.4 -.if n .sp -.. -.B Fcntl() -performs several file descriptor related functions, like duplicating a file -descriptor, setting the "close on exec" attribute, etc. The -.I fd -argument is the file descriptor to operate on, -.I cmd -is the command code of the operation to perform, and -.I data -is an optional argument to give or receive parameters. The command -codes and other symbols and types are declared in . The commands -are: -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_DUPFD, int " fd2 ")" -.RS -Returns a new file descriptor that is a duplicate of file descriptor -.IR fd . -It shares the same file pointer and the same file status flags, but has -separate file descriptor flags that are initially off. The value of the -duplicate file descriptor is the first free file descriptor greater than -or equal to -.IR fd2 . -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_GETFD)" -.RS -Returns the file descriptor flags associated with file descriptor -.IR fd . -The flags are the "close on exec" flag -.B FD_CLOEXEC -that, when set, causes the file descriptor to be closed when the process -executes another program. The Minix-vmd specific -.B FD_ASYNCHIO -flag marks a file descriptor for asynchronous I/O operation. -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETFD, int " flags ")" -.RS -Set the file descriptor flags of -.I fd -to -.IR flags . -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_GETFL)" -.RS -Return the file status flags and file access modes associated with the file -associated with file descriptor -.IR fd . -The file status flags are -.B O_NONBLOCK -(non blocking I/O) and -.B O_APPEND -(append mode). The file access modes are -.B O_RDONLY -(read-only), -.B O_WRONLY -(write-only) and -.B O_RDWR -(read-write). These flags are also used in the second argument of -.BR open (2). -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETFL, int " flags ")" -.RS -Set the file status flags of the file referenced by -.I fd -to -.IR flags . -Only -.B O_NONBLOCK -and -.B O_APPEND -may be changed. Access mode flags are ignored. -.RE -.SP -The next four commands use a parameter of type -.B struct flock -that is defined in as: -.SP -.RS -.nf -.ta +4n +8n +12n -struct flock { - short l_type; /* F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, or F_UNLCK */ - short l_whence; /* SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, or SEEK_END */ - off_t l_start; /* byte offset to start of segment */ - off_t l_len; /* length of segment */ - pid_t l_pid; /* process id of the locks' owner */ -}; -.fi -.RE -.SP -This structure describes a segment of a file. -.B L_type -is the lock operation performed on the file segment: -.B F_RDLCK -to set a read lock, -.B F_WRLCK -to set a write lock, and -.B F_UNLCK -to remove a lock. Several processes may have a read lock on a segment, but -only one process can have a write lock. -.B L_whence -tells if the -.B l_start -offset must be interpreted from the start of the file -.RB ( SEEK_SET ), -the current file position -.RB ( SEEK_CUR ), -or the end of the file -.RB ( SEEK_END ). -This is analogous to the third parameter of -.BR lseek (2). -These -.B SEEK_* -symbols are declared in . -.B L_start -is the starting offset of the segment of the file. -.B L_end -is the length of the segment. If zero then the segment extends until end of -file. -.B L_pid -is the process-id of the process currently holding a lock on the segment. -It is returned by -.BR F_GETLK . -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_GETLK, struct flock *" lkp ")" -.RS -Find out if some other process has a lock on a segment of the file -associated by file descriptor -.I fd -that overlaps with the segment described by the -.B flock -structure pointed to by -.IR lkp . -If the segment is not locked then -.B l_type -is set to -.BR F_UNLCK . -Otherwise an -.B flock -structure is returned through -.I lkp -that describes the lock held by the other process. -.B L_start -is set relative to the start of the file. -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETLK, struct flock *" lkp ")" -.RS -Register a lock on a segment of the file associated with file descriptor -.IR fd . -The file segment is described by the -.B struct flock -pointed to by -.IR lkp . -This call returns an error if any part of the segment is already locked. -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETLKW, struct flock *" lkp ")" -.RS -Register a lock on a segment of the file associated with file descriptor -.IR fd . -The file segment is described by the -.B struct flock -pointed to by -.IR lkp . -This call blocks waiting for the lock to be released if any part of the -segment is already locked. -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_FREESP, struct flock *" lkp ")" -.RS -This call frees a segment of disk space occupied by the -file associated with file descriptor -.IR fd . -The segment is described by the -.B struct flock -pointed to by -.IR lkp . -The file is truncated in length to the byte position indicated by -.B l_start -if -.B l_len -is zero. If -.B l_len -is nonzero then the file keeps its size, but the freed bytes now read as -zeros. (Other than sharing the flock structure, this call has nothing to do -with locking.) (This call is common among UNIX(-like) systems.) -.RE -.SP -.BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SEEK, u64_t " pos ")" -.RS -This Minix-vmd specific call sets the file position of the file associated -with file descriptor -.I fd -to the byte offset indicated by the 64-bit number -.IR pos . -This is analogous to the call -.SP -.RS -.BI "lseek(" fd ", " pos ", SEEK_SET)" -.RE -.SP -except that -.B F_SEEK -can be used on devices larger than 4 gigabyte. -.RE -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR open (2), -.BR dup (2), -.BR lseek (2), -.BR ftruncate (3), -.BR int64 (3). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -.B Fcntl -returns a file descriptor, flags, or -.B 0 -to indicate success. On error -.B \-1 -is returned, with -.B errno -set to the appropriate error code. The most notable errors are: -.TP 5 -.B EINTR -If a blocked -.B F_SETLKW -operation is interrupted by a signal that is caught. -.TP -.B EAGAIN -By -.B F_SETLK -if a segment cannot be locked. -.TP -.B EBADF -A bad file descriptor in general, or an attempt to place a write lock on a -file that is not open for writing, etc. -.TP -.B ENOLCK -No locks available, the file system code has run out of internal table -space. -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot - -.\" -.\" $PchId: fcntl.2,v 1.2 2000/08/11 19:39:51 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/fork.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/fork.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,74 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)fork.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH FORK 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC -.SH NAME -fork \- create a new process -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -pid_t fork(void) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.de SP -.if t .sp 0.4 -.if n .sp -.. -.B Fork -causes creation of a new process. -The new process (child process) is an exact copy of the -calling process except for the following: -.RS -.SP -The child process has a unique process ID. -.SP -The child process has a different parent process ID (i.e., -the process ID of the parent process). -.SP -The child process has its own copy of the parent's descriptors. -These descriptors reference the same underlying objects, so that, -for instance, file pointers in file objects are shared between -the child and the parent, so that an -.BR lseek (2) -on a descriptor in the child process can affect a subsequent -.B read -or -.B write -by the parent. -This descriptor copying is also used by the shell to -establish standard input and output for newly created processes -as well as to set up pipes. -.SP -The child starts with no pending signals and an inactive alarm timer. -.RE -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, \fBfork\fP returns a value -of 0 to the child process and returns the process ID of the child -process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned -to the parent process, no child process is created, and the global -variable \fBerrno\fP is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Fork -will fail and no child process will be created if one or more of the -following are true: -.TP 15 -[EAGAIN] -The system-imposed limit on the total -number of processes under execution would be exceeded. -This limit is configuration-dependent. -(The kernel variable NR_PROCS in (Minix), or - (Minix-vmd).) -.TP 15 -[ENOMEM] -There is insufficient (virtual) memory for the new process. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR execve (2), -.BR wait (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/getgid.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/getgid.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,34 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)getgid.2 6.2 (Berkeley) 1/7/86 -.\" -.TH GETGID 2 "January 7, 1986" -.UC 5 -.SH NAME -getgid, getegid \- get group identity -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -gid_t getgid(void) -gid_t getegid(void) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Getgid -returns the real group ID of the current process, -.B getegid -the effective group ID. -.PP -The real group ID is specified at login time. -.PP -The effective group ID is more transient, and determines -additional access permission during execution of a -``set-group-ID'' process, and it is for such processes -that \fBgetgid\fP is most useful. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR getuid (2), -.BR setgid (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/getpid.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/getpid.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,33 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)getpid.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/86 -.\" -.TH GETPID 2 "May 13, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -getpid, getppid \- get process identification -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include -#include - -pid_t getpid(void) -pid_t getppid(void) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Getpid -returns -the process ID of -the current process. -Most often it is used -to generate uniquely-named temporary files. -.PP -.B Getppid -returns the process ID of the parent -of the current process. -.SH "SEE ALSO -.BR fork (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/getpriority.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/getpriority.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,37 +1,0 @@ -.TH GETPRIORITY 2 "Jul 1, 2005" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -getpriority, setpriority \- get and set scheduling priority -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int getpriority(int \fIwhich\fP, int \fIwho\fP) -int setpriority(int \fIwhich\fP, int \fIwho\fP, int \fIprio\fP) -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Getpriority -returns the scheduling priority of the process, process group, or user -referred to in \fIwho\fP. Which of the three is indicated in -\fIwhich\fP, by PRIO_PROCESS, PRIO_PGRP and PRIO_USER, respectively. -In MINIX 3, currently only PRIO_PROCESS is implemented. - -The range of the returned value is between PRIO_MIN and PRIO_MAX, -currently between -20 and 20, and is the so-called nice value of -a process. The higher the nice value, the less favourable the scheduling -priority. - -.B Setpriority -sets the priority indicated by \fIwho\fP and \fIwhich\fP to \fIprio\fP. -\fIprio\fP, which is the nice value, may only be lowered by the super-user. -.SH RETURN VALUES -These functions both return -1 on failure, and set errno in this case. -Because -.B getpriority -can return -1 as the real nice value, the caller has to reset errno -and check errno afterwards to distinguish between an error condition -and a negative nice value. -.SH SEE ALSO -nice(1) -.SH AUTHOR -Ben Gras Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/gettimeofday.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/gettimeofday.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,22 +1,0 @@ -.TH GETTIMEOFDAY 2 "July 6, 2005" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -gettimeofday \- get date and time -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include - -int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tp, struct timezone *tzp) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Gettimeofday -returns the time in seconds and microseconds since epoch in GMT -(midnight, january 1st, 1970). The timezone argument tzp is expected -to be NULL. -.SH RETURNS -0 on success, -1 on error. If -1 is returned, errno is set to indicate -the error. -.SH "SEE ALSO -.BR ctime (3). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/getuid.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/getuid.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,34 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)getuid.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 1/7/86 -.\" -.TH GETUID 2 "January 7, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -getuid, geteuid \- get user identity -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -uid_t getuid(void) -uid_t geteuid(void) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Getuid -returns the real user ID of the current process, -.B geteuid -the effective user ID. -.PP -The real user ID identifies the person who is logged in. -The effective user ID -gives the process additional permissions during -execution of \*(lqset-user-ID\*(rq mode processes, which use -\fBgetuid\fP to determine the real-user-id of the process that -invoked them. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR getgid (2), -.BR setuid (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/intro.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/intro.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,449 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980,1983,1986 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)intro.2 6.7 (Berkeley) 5/23/86 -.\" -.TH INTRO 2 "June 30, 1986" -.UC 4 -.de en -.HP -\\$1 \\$2 \\$3 -.br -.. -.SH NAME -intro, errno \- introduction to system calls and error numbers -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B "#include " -.SH DESCRIPTION -This section describes all of the system calls. Most -of these calls have one or more error returns. -An error condition is indicated by an otherwise impossible return -value. This is almost always \-1; the individual descriptions -specify the details. -Note that a number of system calls overload the meanings of these -error numbers, and that the meanings must be interpreted according -to the type and circumstances of the call. -.PP -As with normal arguments, all return codes and values from -functions are of type integer unless otherwise noted. -An error number is also made available in the external -variable \fBerrno\fP, which is not cleared -on successful calls. -Thus \fBerrno\fP should be tested only after an error has occurred. -.PP -The following is a complete list of the errors and their -names as given in -.RI < sys/errno.h >: -.en 0 OK "Error 0 -Unused. (The symbol "OK" is only used inside the kernel source.) -.en 1 EPERM "Not owner -Typically this error indicates -an attempt to modify a file in some way forbidden -except to its owner or super-user. -It is also returned for attempts -by ordinary users to do things -allowed only to the super-user. -.en 2 ENOENT "No such file or directory -This error occurs when a file name is specified -and the file should exist but doesn't, or when one -of the directories in a path name does not exist. -.en 3 ESRCH "No such process -The process or process group whose number was given -does not exist, or any such process is already dead. -.en 4 EINTR "Interrupted system call -An asynchronous signal (such as interrupt or quit) -that the user has elected to catch -occurred during a system call. -If execution is resumed -after processing the signal -and the system call is not restarted, -it will appear as if the interrupted system call -returned this error condition. -.en 5 EIO "I/O error -Some physical I/O error occurred during an I/O operation, usually -.B read -or -.BR write . -Operations on file descriptors that refer to devices that are forcefully -taken away or in a bad state will also provoke this error. -.en 6 ENXIO "No such device or address -I/O on a special file refers to a subdevice that does not -exist, -or beyond the limits of the device. -It may also occur when, for example, an illegal tape drive -unit number is selected -or a disk pack is not loaded on a drive. -.en 7 E2BIG "Arg list too long -An argument list longer than ARG_MAX bytes is presented to -.BR execve . -ARG_MAX is set to 4096 bytes for 16-bit MINIX 3, 16384 bytes for 32-bit -MINIX 3, and unlimited for Minix-vmd as these systems are released. -.en 8 ENOEXEC "Exec format error -A request is made to execute a file -that, although it has the appropriate permissions, -does not start with a valid magic number, (see -.BR a.out (5)). -.en 9 EBADF "Bad file number -Either a file descriptor refers to no -open file, -or a read (resp. write) request is made to -a file that is open only for writing (resp. reading). -.en 10 ECHILD "No children -.B Wait -and the process has no -living or unwaited-for children. -.en 11 EAGAIN "Resource temporarily unavailable -In a -.B fork, -the system's process table is full or the user is not allowed to create -any more processes, otherwise an operation that would cause a process to -block was attempted on an object in non-blocking mode (see \fBfcntl\fP(2)). -.en 12 ENOMEM "Not enough core -During an -.B execve -or -.B brk, -a program asks for more (virtual) memory than the system is -able to supply, -or a process size limit would be exceeded. -The maximum size -of the data+stack segment is set by the -.BR chmem (1) -program. For Minix-vmd a small data+stack size is increased to 3 megabytes -when a program is executed. -.en 13 EACCES "Permission denied -An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden -by the protection system. Also an attempt to open a device for writing -that is physically write protected. -.en 14 EFAULT "Bad address -An argument of a system call is outside the address space allocated to a -process. -.en 15 ENOTBLK "Block device required -A plain file was mentioned where a block device was required, -e.g., in -.BR mount . -.en 16 EBUSY "Resource busy -An attempt to mount a device that was already mounted or -an attempt was made to dismount a device -on which there is an active file -(open file, current directory, mounted-on file, or active text segment). -A request was made to an exclusive access device that was already in use. -.en 17 EEXIST "File exists -An existing file was mentioned in an inappropriate context, -e.g., -.BR link . -.en 18 EXDEV "Cross-device link -A hard link to a file on another device -was attempted. -.en 19 ENODEV "No such device -An attempt was made to access a device that is not configured by the system, -i.e., there is no driver for the device. -.en 20 ENOTDIR "Not a directory -A non-directory was specified where a directory -is required, -for example, in a path name or -as an argument to -.BR chdir . -.en 21 EISDIR "Is a directory -An attempt to write on a directory. -.en 22 EINVAL "Invalid argument -Some invalid argument: -dismounting a non-mounted -device, -mentioning an unknown signal in -.B signal, -or some other argument inappropriate for the call. -Also set by math functions, (see -.BR math (3)). -.en 23 ENFILE "File table overflow -The system's table of open files is full, -and temporarily no more -.I opens -can be accepted. -.en 24 EMFILE "Too many open files -The limit on the number of open files per process, OPEN_MAX, is reached. -As released, this limit is 20 for MINIX 3, and 30 for Minix-vmd. -.en 25 ENOTTY "Not a typewriter -The file mentioned in an -.B ioctl -is not a terminal or one of the -devices to which this call applies. (Often seen error from programs with -bugs in their error reporting code.) -.en 26 ETXTBSY "Text file busy -Attempt to execute a program that is open for writing. Obsolete under MINIX 3. -.en 27 EFBIG "File too large -The size of a file exceeded the maximum (little over 64 megabytes for -the V2 file system). -.en 28 ENOSPC "No space left on device -A -.B write -to an ordinary file, the creation of a -directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory -entry failed because no more disk blocks are available -on the file system, or the allocation of an inode for a newly -created file failed because no more inodes are available -on the file system. -.en 29 ESPIPE "Illegal seek -An -.B lseek -was issued to a pipe or TCP/IP channel. -This error may also be issued for -other non-seekable devices. -.en 30 EROFS "Read-only file system -An attempt to modify a file or directory -was made -on a device mounted read-only. -.en 31 EMLINK "Too many links -An attempt to make more than a certain number of hard links to a file. The -advertized maximum, LINK_MAX, is 127, but Minix-vmd uses a much larger -maximum of 32767 for the V2 file system. -.en 32 EPIPE "Broken pipe -A write on a pipe or TCP/IP channel for which there is no process -to read the data. -This condition normally generates the signal SIGPIPE; -the error is returned if the signal is caught or ignored. -.en 33 EDOM "Math argument -The argument of a function in the math package -is out of the domain of the function. -.en 34 ERANGE "Result too large -The value of a function in the math package -is unrepresentable within machine precision. -.en 35 EDEADLK "Resource deadlock avoided -A process attempts to place a blocking lock on a file that is already -locked by another process and that process is waiting for the first -process to unlock a file that first process already has a lock on. -(The classic "lock A, lock B" by process 1, and "lock B, lock A" by -process 2.) -.en 36 ENAMETOOLONG "File name too long" -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. PATH_MAX equals 255 as -distributed. -.en 37 ENOLCK "No locks available -The system's table of active locks is full. -.en 38 ENOSYS "Function not implemented -The system call is not supported. Either an old program uses an obsolete -call, or a program for a more capable system is run on a less capable -system. -.en 39 ENOTEMPTY "Directory not empty" -A directory with entries other than \*(lq.\*(rq and \*(lq..\*(rq -was supplied to a remove directory or rename call. -.en 40 ELOOP "Too many symbolic links" -A path name lookup involved more than SYMLOOP symbolic links. SYMLOOP -equals 8 as distributed. -(Minix-vmd) -.en 50 EPACKSIZE "Invalid packet size -.en 51 EOUTOFBUFS "Not enough buffers left -.en 52 EBADIOCTL "Illegal ioctl for device -.en 53 EBADMODE "Bad mode in ioctl -.en 54 EWOULDBLOCK "Would block -.en 55 EBADDEST "Bad destination address -.en 56 EDSTNOTRCH "Destination not reachable -.en 57 EISCONN "Already connected -.en 58 EADDRINUSE "Address in use -.en 59 ECONNREFUSED "Connection refused -.en 60 ECONNRESET "Connection reset -.en 61 ETIMEDOUT "Connection timed out -.en 62 EURG "Urgent data present -.en 63 ENOURG "No urgent data present -.en 64 ENOTCONN "No connection -.en 65 ESHUTDOWN "Already shutdown -.en 66 ENOCONN "No such connection -.en 67 EINPROGRESS "Operation now in progress -.en 68 EALREADY "Operation already in progress -.ig -.en XXX EDQUOT "Disc quota exceeded" -A -.B write -to an ordinary file, the creation of a -directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory -entry failed because the user's quota of disk blocks was -exhausted, or the allocation of an inode for a newly -created file failed because the user's quota of inodes -was exhausted. -.en XXX ESTALE "Stale NFS file handle" -A client referenced a an open file, when the file has been deleted. -.en XXX EREMOTE "Too many levels of remote in path" -An attempt was made to remotely mount a file system into a path which -already has a remotely mounted component. -.. -.SH DEFINITIONS -.TP 5 -Process ID -.br -Each active process in the system is uniquely identified by a positive -integer called a process ID. The range of this ID is from 1 to 29999. -The special process with process ID 1 is -.BR init , -the ancestor of all processes. -.TP 5 -Parent process ID -.br -A new process is created by a currently active process; (see -.BR fork (2)). -The parent process ID of a process is the process ID of its creator, -unless the creator dies, then -.B init -becomes the parent of the orphaned process. -.TP 5 -Process Group ID -.br -Each active process is a member of a process group that is identified by -a positive integer called the process group ID. This is the process -ID of the group leader. This grouping permits the signaling of related -processes (see -.BR kill (2)). -.TP 5 -Real User ID and Real Group ID -.br -Each user on the system is identified by a positive integer -termed the real user ID. -.IP -Each user is also a member of one or more groups. -One of these groups is distinguished from others and -used in implementing accounting facilities. The positive -integer corresponding to this distinguished group is termed -the real group ID. -(Under standard MINIX 3 this is the only group a process can be a member of.) -.IP -All processes have a real user ID and real group ID. -These are initialized from the equivalent attributes -of the process that created it. -.TP 5 -Effective User Id, Effective Group Id, and Access Groups -.br -Access to system resources is governed by three values: -the effective user ID, the effective group ID, and the -group access list. -.IP -The effective user ID and effective group ID are initially the -process's real user ID and real group ID respectively. Either -may be modified through execution of a set-user-ID or set-group-ID -file (possibly by one its ancestors) (see -.BR execve (2)). -.IP -The group access list is an additional set of group ID's -used only in determining resource accessibility. Access checks -are performed as described below in ``File Access Permissions''. -The maximum number of additional group ID's is NGROUPS_MAX. -For MINIX 3 this is 0, but Minix-vmd supports a list of up to 16 -additional group ID's. (Also known as ``supplemental'' group ID's.) -.TP 5 -Super-user -.br -A process is recognized as a -.I super-user -process and is granted special privileges if its effective user ID is 0. -.TP 5 -Descriptor -.br -An integer assigned by the system when a file or device is referenced -by -.BR open (2), -.BR dup (2) -or -.BR fcntl (2) -which uniquely identifies an access path to that file or device from -a given process or any of its children. -.TP 5 -File Descriptor -Older, and often used name for a descriptor. -.TP 5 -File Name -.br -Names consisting of up to NAME_MAX characters may be used to name -an ordinary file, special file, or directory. NAME_MAX is the maximum -of the maximum file name lengths of the supported file systems. -Excess characters are ignored when too long file names are used for -files in a given file system. -The maximum file name length of the V1 and V2 file systems -is 14 characters. The Minix-vmd "flex" variants of V1 and V2 have a -60 character maximum. -.IP -The characters in a file name may assume any value representable in -eight bits excluding 0 (null) and the ASCII code for / (slash). -.IP -Note that it is generally unwise to use one of \e'"<>();~$^&*|{}[]? -as part of file names because of the special meaning attached to these -characters by the shell. -.TP 5 -Path Name -.br -A path name is a null-terminated character string starting with an -optional slash (/), followed by zero or more directory names separated -by slashes, optionally followed by a file name. -The total length of a path name must be less than PATH_MAX characters -(255 as distributed.) -.IP -If a path name begins with a slash, the path search begins at the -.I root -directory. -Otherwise, the search begins from the current working directory. -A slash by itself names the root directory. A null pathname is -illegal, use "." to refer to the current working directory. -.TP 5 -Directory -.br -A directory is a special type of file that contains entries -that are references to other files. -Directory entries are called links. By convention, a directory -contains at least two links, . and .., referred to as -.I dot -and -.I dot-dot -respectively. Dot refers to the directory itself and -dot-dot refers to its parent directory. -.TP 5 -Root Directory and Current Working Directory -.br -Each process has associated with it a concept of a root directory -and a current working directory for the purpose of resolving path -name searches. A process's root directory need not be the root -directory of the root file system. -.TP 5 -File Access Permissions -.br -Every file in the file system has a set of access permissions. -These permissions are used in determining whether a process -may perform a requested operation on the file (such as opening -a file for writing). Access permissions are established at the -time a file is created. They may be changed at some later time -through the -.BR chmod (2) -call. -.IP -File access is broken down according to whether a file may be: read, -written, or executed. Directory files use the execute -permission to control if the directory may be searched. -.IP -File access permissions are interpreted by the system as -they apply to three different classes of users: the owner -of the file, those users in the file's group, anyone else. -Every file has an independent set of access permissions for -each of these classes. When an access check is made, the system -decides if permission should be granted by checking the access -information applicable to the caller. -.IP -Read, write, and execute/search permissions on -a file are granted to a process if: -.IP -The process's effective user ID is that of the super-user. -.IP -The process's effective user ID matches the user ID of the owner -of the file and the owner permissions allow the access. -.IP -The process's effective user ID does not match the user ID of the -owner of the file, and either the process's effective -group ID matches the group ID -of the file, or the group ID of the file is in -the process's group access list, -and the group permissions allow the access. -.IP -Neither the effective user ID nor effective group ID -and group access list of the process -match the corresponding user ID and group ID of the file, -but the permissions for ``other users'' allow access. -.IP -Otherwise, permission is denied. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR intro (3), -.BR strerror (3). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/ioctl.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/ioctl.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,69 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)ioctl.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 3/4/86 -.\" -.TH IOCTL 2 "March 4, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -ioctl \- control device -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -.ta +54n -int ioctl(int \fId\fP, int \fIrequest\fP, void *\fIargp\fP) (Minix) -int ioctl(int \fId\fP, ioreq_t \fIrequest\fP, void *\fIargp\fP) (Minix-vmd) -.DT -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Ioctl -performs a variety of functions -on open descriptors. In particular, many operating -characteristics of character special files (e.g. terminals) -may be controlled with -.B ioctl -requests. -The writeups of various devices in section 4 discuss how -.B ioctl -applies to them. -.PP -An ioctl -.I request -has encoded in it whether the argument is an \*(lqin\*(rq parameter -or \*(lqout\*(rq parameter, and the size of the argument \fIargp\fP in bytes. -Macros and defines used in specifying an ioctl -.I request -are located in the file -.IR . -.SH "RETURN VALUE -If an error has occurred, a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Ioctl -will fail if one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -\fID\fP is not a valid descriptor. -.TP 15 -[ENOTTY] -\fID\fP is not associated with a character -special device. -.TP 15 -[ENOTTY] -The specified request does not apply to the kind -of object that the descriptor \fId\fP references. -.TP 15 -[EINVAL] -\fIRequest\fP or \fIargp\fP is not valid. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR execve (2), -.BR fcntl (2), -.BR mt (4), -.BR tty (4), -.BR intro (4). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/kill.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/kill.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,93 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)kill.2 6.5 (Berkeley) 5/14/86 -.\" -.TH KILL 2 "May 14, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -kill \- send signal to a process -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -int kill(pid_t \fIpid\fP, int \fIsig\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Kill -sends the signal \fIsig\fP -to a process, specified by the process number -.IR pid . -.I Sig -may be one of the signals specified in -.BR sigaction (2), -or it may be 0, in which case -error checking is performed but no -signal is actually sent. -This can be used to check the validity of -.IR pid . -.PP -The sending and receiving processes must -have the same effective user ID, otherwise -this call is restricted to the super-user. -.ig -A single exception is the signal SIGCONT, which may always be sent -to any descendant of the current process. -.. -.PP -If the process number is 0, -the signal is sent to all processes in the -sender's process group. -.PP -If the process number is \-1 -and the user is the super-user, -the signal is broadcast universally -except to -.B init -and the process sending the signal. -If the process number is \-1 -and the user is not the super-user, -the signal is broadcast universally to -all processes with the same uid as the user -except the process sending the signal. -No error is returned if any process could be signaled. -.PP -If the process number is negative but not \-1, -the signal is sent to all processes whose process group ID -is equal to the absolute value of the process number. -.PP -Processes may send signals to themselves. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Kill -will fail and no signal will be sent if any of the following -occur: -.TP 15 -[EINVAL] -\fISig\fP is not a valid signal number. -.TP 15 -[ESRCH] -No process can be found corresponding to that specified by \fIpid\fP. -.TP 15 -[ESRCH] -The process id was given as 0 -but the sending process does not have a process group. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The sending process is not the super-user and its effective -user id does not match the effective user-id of the receiving process. -When signaling a process group, this error was returned if any members -of the group could not be signaled. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR getpid (2), -.BR getpgrp (2), -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR raise (3). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/link.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/link.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,111 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)link.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH LINK 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -link \- make a hard link to a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int link(const char *\fIname1\fP, const char *\fIname2\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -A hard link -to -.I name1 -is created; -the link has the name -.IR name2 . -.I Name1 -must exist. -.PP -With hard links, -both -.I name1 -and -.I name2 -must be in the same file system. -.I Name1 -must not be a directory. -Both the old and the new -.I link -share equal access and rights to -the underlying object. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, -a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Link -will fail and no link will be created if one or more of the following -are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of either path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -A path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of either path prefix does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -A component of either path prefix denies search permission. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The requested link requires writing in a directory with a mode -that denies write permission. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating one of the pathnames. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The file named by \fIname1\fP does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EEXIST] -The link named by \fIname2\fP does exist. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The file named by \fIname1\fP is a directory and the effective -user ID is not super-user. -.TP 15 -[EXDEV] -The link named by \fIname2\fP and the file named by \fIname1\fP -are on different file systems. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The directory in which the entry for the new link is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The directory in which the entry for the new link -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to -the file system to make the directory entry. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file -system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -One of the pathnames specified -is outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR symlink (2), -.BR unlink (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/lseek.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/lseek.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,86 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)lseek.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 2/24/86 -.\" -.TH LSEEK 2 "February 24, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -lseek \- move read/write pointer -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -.ta +1.8i +0.6i -#define SEEK_SET 0 /* offset is absolute */ -#define SEEK_CUR 1 /* relative to current position */ -#define SEEK_END 2 /* relative to end of file */ - -off_t lseek(int d, off_t offset, int whence) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -The descriptor -.I d -refers to a file or device open for reading and/or writing. -.B Lseek -sets the file pointer of -.I d -as follows: -.IP -If -.I whence -is SEEK_SET, the pointer is set to -.I offset -bytes. -.IP -If -.I whence -is SEEK_CUR, the pointer is set to its current location plus -.IR offset . -.IP -If -.I whence -is SEEK_END, the pointer is set to the size of the -file plus -.IR offset . -.PP -Upon successful completion, the resulting pointer location -as measured in bytes from beginning of the file is returned. -Some devices are incapable of seeking. The value of the pointer -associated with such a device is undefined. -.SH NOTES -Seeking far beyond the end of a file, then writing, -creates a gap or \*(lqhole\*(rq, which occupies no -physical space and reads as zeros. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, -the current file pointer value is returned. -Otherwise, -a value of \-1 is returned and \fBerrno\fP is set to indicate -the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Lseek -will fail and the file pointer will remain unchanged if: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -.I Fildes -is not an open file descriptor. -.TP 15 -[ESPIPE] -.I Fildes -is associated with a pipe or a socket. -.TP 15 -[EINVAL] -.I Whence -is not a proper value. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR fcntl (2), -.BR open (2). -.SH BUGS -This document's use of -.I whence -is incorrect English, but maintained for historical reasons. Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/mkdir.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/mkdir.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,112 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)mkdir.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH MKDIR 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 5 -.SH NAME -mkdir \- make a directory file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -int mkdir(const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Mkdir -creates a new directory file with name -.IR path . -The mode of the new file -is initialized from -.IR mode . -(The protection part of the mode -is modified by the process's mode mask; see -.BR umask (2)). -.PP -The directory's owner ID is set to the process's effective user ID. -The directory's group ID is set to that of the parent directory in -which it is created. -.PP -The low-order 9 bits of mode are modified by the process's -file mode creation mask: all bits set in the process's file mode -creation mask are cleared. See -.BR umask (2). -.SH "RETURN VALUE -A 0 return value indicates success. A \-1 return value -indicates an error, and an error code is stored in -.B errno. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Mkdir -will fail and no directory will be created if: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of the path prefix does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EEXIST] -The named file exists. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The directory in which the entry for the new directory is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The new directory cannot be created because there -there is no space left on the file -system that will contain the directory. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -There are no free inodes on the file system on which the -directory is being created. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The directory in which the entry for the new directory -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The new directory cannot be created because the user's -quota of disk blocks on the file system that will -contain the directory has been exhausted. -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The user's quota of inodes on the file system on -which the directory is being created has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry or allocating the inode. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chmod (2), -.BR stat (2), -.BR umask (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/mknod.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/mknod.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,131 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)mknod.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 5/23/86 -.\" -.TH MKNOD 2 "May 23, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -mknod, mkfifo \- make a special file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include -#include - -int mknod(const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP, dev_t \fIdev\fP) -int mkfifo(const char *\fIpath\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Mknod -creates a new file -whose name is -.I path. -The mode of the new file -(including special file bits) -is initialized from -.IR mode , -as defined in -.IR . -(The protection part of the mode -is modified by the process's mode mask (see -.BR umask (2))). -The first block pointer of the i-node -is initialized from -.I dev -and is used to specify which device the special file -refers to. -.PP -If mode indicates a block or character special file, -.I dev -is the device number of a character or block I/O device. -The low eight bits of the device number hold the minor device number -that selects a device among the devices governed by the same driver. -The driver is selected by the major device number, the next eight bits -of the device number. -.PP -If -.I mode -does not indicate a block special or character special device, -.I dev -is ignored. -(For example, when creating a ``fifo'' special file.) -.PP -.B Mknod -may be invoked only by the super-user, -unless it is being used to create a fifo. -.PP -The call -.BI "mkfifo(" path ", " mode ")" -is equivalent to -.PP -.RS -.BI "mknod(" path ", (" mode " & 0777) | S_IFIFO, 0)" -.RE -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and \fBerrno\fP -is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Mknod -will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of the path prefix does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The process's effective user ID is not super-user. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry or allocating the inode. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The directory in which the entry for the new node is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -There are no free inodes on the file system on which the -node is being created. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The directory in which the entry for the new node -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The user's quota of inodes on the file system on -which the node is being created has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EEXIST] -The named file exists. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chmod (2), -.BR stat (2), -.BR umask (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/mount.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/mount.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,51 +1,0 @@ -.TH MOUNT 2 -.SH NAME -mount, umount \- mount or umount a file system -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include -#include - -int mount(char *\fIspecial\fP, char *\fIname\fP, int \fIflag\fP) -int umount(char *\fIname\fP) -.fi -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Mount() -tells the system that the file system -.I special -is to be mounted on the file -.IR name , -effectively overlaying -.I name -with the file tree on -.IR special . -.I Name -may of any type, except that if the root of -.I special -is a directory, then -.I name -must also be a directory. -.I Special -must be a block special file, except for loopback mounts. For loopback -mounts a normal file or directory is used for -.IR special , -which must be seen as the root of a virtual device. -.I Flag -is 0 for a read-write mount, 1 for read-only. -.PP -.B Umount() -removes the connection between a device and a mount point, -.I name -may refer to either of them. If more than one device is mounted on the -same mount point then unmounting at the mount point removes the last mounted -device, unmounting a device removes precisely that device. The unmount will -only succeed if none of the files on the device are in use. -.PP -Both calls may only be executed by the super-user. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR mount (1), -.BR umount (1). -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/open.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/open.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,186 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)open.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 5/14/86 -.\" -.TH OPEN 2 "May 14, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -open \- open a file for reading or writing, or create a new file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -int open(const char *\fIpath\fP, int \fIflags\fP \fR[\fP, mode_t \fImode\fP\fR]\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Open -opens the file -.I path -for reading and/or writing, as specified by the -.I flags -argument and returns a descriptor for that file. -The -.I flags -argument may indicate the file is to be -created if it does not already exist (by specifying the -O_CREAT flag), in which case the file is created with mode -.I mode -as described in -.BR chmod (2) -and modified by the process' umask value (see -.BR umask (2)). -.PP -.I Path -is the address of a string of ASCII characters representing -a path name, terminated by a null character. -The flags specified are formed by -.IR or 'ing -the following values -.PP -.RS -.ta +12n -.nf -O_RDONLY open for reading only -O_WRONLY open for writing only -O_RDWR open for reading and writing -O_NONBLOCK do not block on open -O_APPEND append on each write -O_CREAT create file if it does not exist -O_TRUNC truncate size to 0 -O_EXCL error if create and file exists -.fi -.DT -.RE -.PP -Opening a file with O_APPEND set causes each write on the file -to be appended to the end. If O_TRUNC is specified and the -file exists, the file is truncated to zero length. -If O_EXCL is set with O_CREAT, then if the file already -exists, the open returns an error. This can be used to -implement a simple exclusive access locking mechanism. -If O_EXCL is set and the last component of the pathname is -a symbolic link, the open will fail even if the symbolic -link points to a non-existent name. -If the O_NONBLOCK flag is specified and the open call would result -in the process being blocked for some reason, the open returns immediately. -.PP -Upon successful completion a non-negative integer termed a -file descriptor is returned. -The file pointer used to mark the current position within the -file is set to the beginning of the file. -.PP -The new descriptor is set to remain open across -.BR execve -system calls; see -.BR close (2). -.PP -The system imposes a limit on the number of descriptors -open simultaneously by one process. -.SH "ERRORS -The named file is opened unless one or more of the -following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -O_CREAT is not set and the named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of the path name that must exist does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The required permissions (for reading and/or writing) -are denied for the named file. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -O_CREAT is specified, -the file does not exist, -and the directory in which it is to be created -does not permit writing. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -A device to be opened for writing is physically write protected. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EISDIR] -The named file is a directory, and the arguments specify -it is to be opened for writing. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system, -and the file is to be modified. -.TP 15 -[EMFILE] -The system limit for open file descriptors per process has already been reached. -.TP 15 -[ENFILE] -The system file table is full. -.TP 15 -[ENXIO] -The named file is a character special or block -special file, and the device associated with this special file -does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -O_CREAT is specified, -the file does not exist, -and the directory in which the entry for the new file is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -O_CREAT is specified, -the file does not exist, -and there are no free inodes on the file system on which the -file is being created. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -O_CREAT is specified, -the file does not exist, -and the directory in which the entry for the new fie -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -O_CREAT is specified, -the file does not exist, -and the user's quota of inodes on the file system on -which the file is being created has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry or -allocating the inode for O_CREAT. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EEXIST] -O_CREAT and O_EXCL were specified and the file exists. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chmod (2), -.BR close (2), -.BR dup (2), -.BR fcntl (2), -.BR lseek (2), -.BR read (2), -.BR write (2), -.BR umask (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/pause.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/pause.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,43 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)pause.3c 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/9/85 -.\" -.TH PAUSE 2 "May 9, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -pause \- stop until signal -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int pause(void) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Pause -never returns normally. -It is used to give up control while waiting for -a signal from -.BR kill (2) -or the alarm timer, see -.BR alarm (2). -Upon termination of a signal handler started during a -.B pause, -the -.B pause -call will return. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Always returns \-1. -.SH ERRORS -.B Pause -always returns: -.TP 15 -[EINTR] -The call was interrupted. -.SH "SEE ALSO -.BR alarm (2), -.BR kill (2), -.BR sigsuspend (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/pipe.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/pipe.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,89 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)pipe.2 6.2 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH PIPE 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -pipe \- create an interprocess communication channel -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int pipe(int \fIfildes\fP[2]) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B pipe -system call -creates an I/O mechanism called a pipe. -The file descriptors returned can -be used in read and write operations. -When the pipe is written using the descriptor -.IR fildes [1] -up to PIPE_MAX bytes of data are buffered -before the writing process is suspended. -A read using the descriptor -.IR fildes [0] -will pick up the data. -.PP -PIPE_MAX equals 7168 under MINIX 3, but note that most systems use 4096. -.PP -It is assumed that after the -pipe has been set up, -two (or more) -cooperating processes -(created by subsequent -.B fork -calls) -will pass data through the -pipe with -.B read -and -.B write -calls. -.PP -The shell has a syntax -to set up a linear array of processes -connected by pipes. -.PP -Read calls on an empty -pipe (no buffered data) with only one end -(all write file descriptors closed) -returns an end-of-file. -.PP -The signal SIGPIPE is generated if a write on a pipe with only one end -is attempted. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -The function value zero is returned if the -pipe was created; \-1 if an error occurred. -.SH ERRORS -The \fBpipe\fP call will fail if: -.TP 15 -[EMFILE] -Too many descriptors are active. -.TP 15 -[ENFILE] -The system file table is full. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The pipe file system (usually the root file system) has no free inodes. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -The \fIfildes\fP buffer is in an invalid area of the process's address -space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR sh (1), -.BR read (2), -.BR write (2), -.BR fork (2). -.SH NOTES -Writes may return ENOSPC errors if no pipe data can be buffered, because -the pipe file system is full. -.SH BUGS -Should more than PIPE_MAX bytes be necessary in any -pipe among a loop of processes, deadlock will occur. Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/ptrace.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/ptrace.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,231 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)ptrace.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 5/23/86 -.\" -.TH PTRACE 2 "May 23, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -ptrace \- process trace -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include -#include - -int ptrace(int \fIrequest\fP, pid_t \fIpid\fP, long \fIaddr\fP, long \fIdata\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.ft B -Note: This manual page has no relation to MINIX 3. Someone who knows ptrace() -has to check, or rewrite, this page. (kjb) -.ft R -.PP -.B Ptrace -provides a means by which a parent process -may control the execution of a child process, -and examine and change its core image. -Its primary use is for the implementation of breakpoint debugging. -There are four arguments whose interpretation -depends on a -.I request -argument. -Generally, -.I pid -is the process ID of the traced process, -which must be a child (no more distant descendant) -of the tracing process. -A process being traced -behaves normally until it encounters some signal -whether internally generated -like \*(lqillegal instruction\*(rq or externally -generated like \*(lqinterrupt\*(rq. -See -.BR sigaction (2) -for the list. -Then the traced process enters a stopped state -and its parent is notified via -.BR wait (2). -When the child is in the stopped state, -its core image can be examined and modified -using -.BR ptrace . -If desired, another -.B ptrace -request can then cause the child either to terminate -or to continue, possibly ignoring the signal. -.PP -The value of the -.I request -argument determines the precise -action of the call: -.TP 4 -PT_TRACE_ME -This request is the only one used by the child process; -it declares that the process is to be traced by its parent. -All the other arguments are ignored. -Peculiar results will ensue -if the parent does not expect to trace the child. -.TP 4 -PT_READ_I, PT_READ_D -The -word in the child process's address space -at -.I addr -is returned. -If I and D space are separated (e.g. historically -on a pdp-11), request PT_READ_I indicates I space, -PT_READ_D D space. -.I Addr -must be even on some machines. -The child must be stopped. -The input -.I data -is ignored. -.TP 4 -PT_READ_U -The word -of the system's per-process data area corresponding to -.I addr -is returned. -.I Addr -must be even on some machines and less than 512. -This space contains the registers and other information about -the process; -its layout corresponds to the -.I user -structure in the system. -.TP 4 -PT_WRITE_I, PT_WRITE_D -The -given -.I data -is written at the word in the process's address space corresponding to -.I addr, -which must be even on some machines. -No useful value is returned. -If I and D space are separated, request PT_WRITE_I indicates I space, -PT_WRITE_D D space. -Attempts to write in pure procedure -fail if another process is executing the same file. -.TP 4 -PT_WRITE_U -The process's system data is written, -as it is read with request PT_READ_U. -Only a few locations can be written in this way: -the general registers, -the floating point status and registers, -and certain bits of the processor status word. -.TP 4 -PT_CONTINUE -The -.I data -argument is taken as a signal number -and the child's execution continues -at location -.I addr -as if it had incurred that signal. -Normally the signal number will be -either 0 to indicate that the signal that caused the stop -should be ignored, -or that value fetched out of the -process's image indicating which signal caused -the stop. -If -.I addr -is (int *)1 then execution continues from where it stopped. -.TP 4 -PT_KILL -The traced process terminates. -.TP 4 -PT_STEP -Execution continues as in request PT_CONTINUE; -however, as soon as possible after execution of at least one instruction, -execution stops again. -The signal number from the stop is -SIGTRAP. -(On the VAX-11 the T-bit is used and just one instruction -is executed.) -This is part of the mechanism for implementing breakpoints. -.PP -As indicated, -these calls -(except for request PT_TRACE_ME) -can be used only when the subject process has stopped. -The -.B wait -call is used to determine -when a process stops; -in such a case the \*(lqtermination\*(rq status -returned by -.B wait -has the value 0177 to indicate stoppage rather -than genuine termination. -.PP -To forestall possible fraud, -.B ptrace -inhibits the set-user-id and set-group-id facilities -on subsequent -.BR execve (2) -calls. -If a traced process calls -.BR execve , -it will stop before executing the first instruction of the new image -showing signal SIGTRAP. -.PP -On a VAX-11, \*(lqword\*(rq also means a 32-bit integer, -but the \*(lqeven\*(rq -restriction does not apply. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -A 0 value is returned if the call succeeds. If the call fails -then a \-1 is returned and the global variable \fIerrno\fP is -set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.TP 15 -[EIO] -The request code is invalid. -.TP 15 -[ESRCH] -The specified process does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -The given signal number is invalid. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -The specified address is out of bounds. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The specified process cannot be traced. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR wait (2), -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR mdb (1). -.SH BUGS -.B Ptrace -is unique and arcane; it should be replaced with a special file that -can be opened and read and written. The control functions could then -be implemented with -.BR ioctl (2) -calls on this file. This would be simpler to understand and have much -higher performance. -.PP -The request PT_TRACE_ME call should be able to specify -signals that are to be treated normally and not cause a stop. -In this way, for example, -programs with simulated floating point (which -use \*(lqillegal instruction\*(rq signals at a very high rate) -could be efficiently debugged. -.PP -The error indication, \-1, is a legitimate function value; -.BR errno , -(see -.BR intro (2)), -can be used to disambiguate. -.PP -It should be possible to stop a process on occurrence of a system -call; -in this way a completely controlled environment could -be provided. Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/read.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/read.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,83 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)read.2 6.6 (Berkeley) 5/23/86 -.\" -.TH READ 2 "May 23, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -read \- read input -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -ssize_t read(int \fId\fP, void *\fIbuf\fP, size_t \fInbytes\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Read -attempts to read -.I nbytes -of data from the object referenced by the descriptor -.I d -into the buffer pointed to by -.IR buf . -.PP -On objects capable of seeking, the -.B read -starts at a position -given by the pointer associated with -.IR d -(see -.BR lseek (2)). -Upon return from -.BR read , -the pointer is incremented by the number of bytes actually read. -.PP -Objects that are not capable of seeking always read from the current -position. The value of the pointer associated with such an -object is undefined. -.PP -Upon successful completion, -.B read -return the number of bytes actually read and placed in the buffer. -The system guarantees to read the number of bytes requested if -the descriptor references a normal file that has that many bytes left -before the end-of-file, but in no other case. -.PP -If the returned value is 0, then -end-of-file has been reached. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -If successful, the -number of bytes actually read is returned. -Otherwise, a \-1 is returned and the global variable -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Read -will fail if one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -\fID\fP is not a valid descriptor open for reading. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -\fIBuf\fP points outside the allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from the file system. -.TP 15 -[EINTR] -A read from a slow device was interrupted before -any data arrived by the delivery of a signal. -.TP 15 -[EAGAIN] -The file was marked for non-blocking I/O, -and no data were ready to be read. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR dup (2), -.BR fcntl (2), -.BR open (2), -.BR pipe (2), -.BR write (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/readlink.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/readlink.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,54 +1,0 @@ -.TH READLINK 2 "March 17, 2006" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -readlink \- read the contents of a symlink -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int readlink(const char *\fIpath\fP, char *\fIbuf\fP, size_t bufsize) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.I readlink -call reads the contents of the symlink -.I name1 -and returns it in -.I buf -up to a maximum of -.I bufsize -bytes. A terminating NUL byte is NOT put in the buffer. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, -a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Readlink -will fail if one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of either path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -A path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of the path does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -A component of the path denies search permission. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating one of the pathnames. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The link named by \fIpath\fP does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -The buffer specified is outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR symlink (2), -.BR unlink (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/reboot.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/reboot.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,62 +1,0 @@ -.TH REBOOT 2 -.SH NAME -reboot \- close down the system or reboot -.SH SYNTAX -.ft B -.nf -#define _MINIX_SOURCE 1 - -#include - -int reboot(int \fIhow\fP, ...) -.fi -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Reboot() -is used to close down the system. It allows several ways of shutting -down depending on -.IR how : -.PP -.TP 5 -.BI "reboot(RBT_HALT)" -Halt the system and return to the monitor prompt. -.TP -.BI "reboot(RBT_REBOOT)" -Reboot the system by letting the monitor execute the "boot" command. -.TP -.BI "reboot(RBT_PANIC)" -Cause a system panic. This is not normally done from user mode, but by -servers using the -.B sys_abort() -kernel call. -.TP -.BI "reboot(RBT_MONITOR" ", code, length" ")" -Halt the system and let the monitor execute the given code of the given -length. -.RI ( code -is of type -.B "char *" -and -.I length -of type -.BR size_t .) -.TP -.BI "reboot(RBT_RESET)" -Reboot the system with a hardware reset. -.PP -.B Reboot() -may only be executed by the super-user. -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -If the call succeeds, it never returns. If something went wrong, -the return value is -1 and an error is indicated by -.BR errno . -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR shutdown (8), -.BR reboot (8), -.BR halt (8), -.BR sync (2). -.SH NOTES -MINIX 3 can not return to the monitor if running in real mode. This means -that most of the reboot functions will change to a system reset. -.SH AUTHOR -Edvard Tuinder (v892231@si.hhs.NL) Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/rename.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/rename.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,135 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)rename.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 5/22/86 -.\" -.TH RENAME 2 "May 22, 1986" -.UC 5 -.SH NAME -rename \- change the name of a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include - -int rename(const char *\fIfrom\fP, const char *\fIto\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Rename -causes the link named -.I from -to be renamed as -.IR to . -If -.I to -exists, then it is first removed. -Both -.I from -and -.I to -must be of the same type (that is, both directories or both -non-directories), and must reside on the same file system. -.PP -.B Rename -guarantees that an instance of -.I to -will always exist, even if the system should crash in -the middle of the operation. -.PP -If the final component of -.I from -is a symbolic link, -the symbolic link is renamed, -not the file or directory to which it points. -.SH "RETURN VALUE" -A 0 value is returned if the operation succeeds, otherwise -.B rename -returns \-1 and the global variable -.B errno -indicates the reason for the failure. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Rename -will fail and neither of the argument files will be -affected if any of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -A path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of the \fIfrom\fP path does not exist, -or a path prefix of \fIto\fP does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -A component of either path prefix denies search permission. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The requested link requires writing in a directory with a mode -that denies write permission. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The directory containing \fIfrom\fP is marked sticky, -and neither the containing directory nor \fIfrom\fP -are owned by the effective user ID. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The \fIto\fP file exists, -the directory containing \fIto\fP is marked sticky, -and neither the containing directory nor \fIto\fP -are owned by the effective user ID. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating either pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of either path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -.I From -is a directory, but \fIto\fP is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[EISDIR] -.I To -is a directory, but \fIfrom\fP is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[EXDEV] -The link named by \fIto\fP and the file named by \fIfrom\fP -are on different logical devices (file systems). -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The directory in which the entry for the new name is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The directory in which the entry for the new name -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while making or updating a directory entry. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file -system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EINVAL] -.I From -is a parent directory of -.IR to , -or an attempt is made to rename ``.'' or ``..''. -.TP 15 -[ENOTEMPTY] -.I To -is a directory and is not empty. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR open (2) Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/rmdir.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/rmdir.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,77 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)rmdir.2 6.3 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH RMDIR 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 5 -.SH NAME -rmdir \- remove a directory file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int rmdir(const char *\fIpath\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Rmdir -removes a directory file -whose name is given by -.I path. -The directory must not have any entries other -than \*(lq.\*(rq and \*(lq..\*(rq. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -A 0 is returned if the remove succeeds; otherwise a \-1 is -returned and an error code is stored in the global location \fIerrno\fP\|. -.SH ERRORS -The named file is removed unless one or more of the -following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named directory does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[ENOTEMPTY] -The named directory contains files other than ``.'' and ``..'' in it. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Write permission is denied on the directory containing the link -to be removed. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The directory containing the directory to be removed is marked sticky, -and neither the containing directory nor the directory to be removed -are owned by the effective user ID. -.TP 15 -[EBUSY] -The directory to be removed is the mount point -for a mounted file system. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while deleting the directory entry -or deallocating the inode. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The directory entry to be removed resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR mkdir (2), -.BR unlink (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/select.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/select.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,43 +1,0 @@ -.TH SELECT 2 "Jun 9, 2005" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -select, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET, FD_ZERO \- synchronous I/O multiplexing -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int select(int \fInfds\fP, fd_set *\fIreadfds\fP, fd_set *\fIwritefds\fP, fd_set *\fIerrorfds\fP, struct timeval *\fItimeout\fP) - -void FD_CLR(int \fIfd\fP, fd_set *\fIfdset\fP) -int FD_ISSET(int \fIfd\fP, fd_set *\fIfdset\fP) -void FD_SET(int \fIfd\fP, fd_set *\fIfdset\fP) -void FD_ZERO(fd_set *\fIfdset\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Select -examines the file descriptors given in the sets -.IR readfds , -.IR writefds , -and -.IR errorfds , -up to and including file descriptor -.IR nfds -1 -, for reading, writing, or exceptional conditions, respectively. -.B Select -currently supports regular files, pipes, named pipes, -inet, and tty file descriptors (including pty). - -If the -.I readfds -argument is not a null pointer, it points to an object of type fd_set -that on input specifies the file descriptors to be checked for being -ready to read, and on output indicates which file descriptors are ready -to read. -.I Writefds -and -.I errorfds -have an analogous meaning for file descriptors to be checked for being -ready to read, respectively have pending exceptional (error) conditions. - Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/setsid.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/setsid.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,40 +1,0 @@ -.TH SETSID 2 -.SH NAME -setsid, getpgrp \- create process group, get process group id -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include -#include - -pid_t setsid(void) -pid_t getpgrp(void) -.fi -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Setsid() -creates a new session if the calling process is not already a session -leader. The calling process becomes the session leader of a new process -group and the process group ID of this new process group will be equal to -the process ID of the new session leader. The process group ID is inherited -on a -.BR fork (2). -.PP -.B Getpgrp() -returns the process group ID of the calling process. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR kill (2), -.BR termios (3), -.BR tty (4). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -.B Setsid() -returns the new process group ID on success, or \-1 with -.B errno -set to -.B EPERM -if the process is already a session leader. -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) - -.\" -.\" $PchId: setsid.2,v 1.2 1996/04/11 06:06:36 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/setuid.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/setuid.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,52 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)setreuid.2 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/9/85 -.\" -.TH SETUID 2 "May 9, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -setuid, seteuid, setgid, setegid \- set (effective) user or group ID's -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int setuid(uid_t \fIuid\fP) -int seteuid(uid_t \fIeuid\fP) -int setgid(gid_t \fIgid\fP) -int setegid(gid_t \fIegid\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Setuid -sets the real and effective user ID's of the -current process to -.IR uid . -Unprivileged users may only change both user ID's -to the real user ID; only the super-user may -make other changes. -.B Setgid -does the same for the real and effective group ID's. -.PP -Minix-vmd -allows an unprivileged user to change ID's to the original real or effective -ID as they were at the time the process was executed. -.B Setgid -may also set the group ID's to any of the additional group ID's. -If one of the -remembered user ID's was 0 then any user or group ID may be chosen. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, -a value of \-1 is returned and \fBerrno\fP is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The current process is not the super-user and a change -other than one of the allowed changes was attempted. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR getuid (2), -.BR geteuid (2), -.BR getgid (2). -.BR getegid (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/sigaction.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/sigaction.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,244 +1,0 @@ -.TH SIGACTION 2 -.SH NAME -sigaction, signal \- manage signal state and handlers -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -#include - -.in +5 -.ti -5 -int sigaction(int \fIsig\fP, const struct sigaction *\fIact\fP, struct sigaction *\fIoact\fP) -.in -5 -.br -void (*signal(int \fIsig\fP, void (*\fIhandler\fP)(int)))(int); -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.de SP -.if t .sp 0.4 -.if n .sp -.. -.B Sigaction() -is used to examine, set, or modify the attributes of a signal. The argument -.I sig -is the signal in question. The -.I act -argument points to a structure containing the new attributes of the signal, -the structure pointed to by -.I oact -will receive the old attributes that were in effect before the call. -.PP -The -.I act -and -.I oact -arguments may be -.B NULL -to indicate that either no new attributes are to be set, or that the old -attributes are not of interest. -.PP -The structure containing the signal attributes is defined in and -looks like this: -.PP -.RS -.nf -.ft B -.ta +4n +12n -struct sigaction { - void (*sa_handler)(int sig); - sigset_t sa_mask; - int sa_flags; -}; -.ft R -.fi -.RE -.PP -The -.B sa_handler -field contains the address of a signal handler, a function that is called -when the process is signalled, or one of these special constants: -.PP -.TP 12 -.B SIG_DFL -Default signal handling is to be performed. This usually means that the -process is killed, but some signals may be ignored by default. -.TP -.B SIG_IGN -Ignore the signal. -.PP -The -.B sa_mask -field indicates a set of signals that must be blocked when the signal is -being handled. Whether the signal -.I sig -itself is blocked when being handled is not controlled by this mask. The -mask is of a "signal set" type that is to be manipulated by the -.BR sigset (3) -functions. -.PP -How the signal is handled precisely is specified by bits in -.BR sa_flags . -If none of the flags is set then the handler is called when the signal -arrives. The signal is blocked during the call to the handler, and -unblocked when the handler returns. A system call that is interrupted -returns -.B \-1 -with -.B errno -set to -.BR EINTR . -The following bit flags can be set to modify this behaviour: -.PP -.TP 15 -.B SA_RESETHAND -Reset the signal handler to -.B SIG_DFL -when the signal is caught. -.TP -.B SA_NODEFER -Do not block the signal on entry to the handler. -.TP -.B SA_COMPAT -Handle the signal in a way that is compatible with the the old -.B signal() -call. -.PP -The old -.B signal() -signal system call sets a signal handler for a given signal and returns the -old signal handler. No signals are blocked, the flags are -.BR "SA_RESETHAND | SA_NODEFER | SA_COMPAT" . -New code should not use -.BR signal() . -Note that -.B signal() -and all of the -.B SA_* -flags are MINIX 3 extensions. -.PP -Signal handlers are reset to -.B SIG_DFL -on an -.BR execve (2). -Signals that are ignored stay ignored. -.SS Signals -MINIX 3 knows about the following signals: -.PP -.nf -.ta +11n +7n +8n -signal num notes description -.SP -SIGHUP 1 k Hangup -SIGINT 2 k Interrupt (usually DEL or CTRL\-C) -SIGQUIT 3 kc Quit (usually CTRL\-\e) -SIGILL 4 kc Illegal instruction -SIGTRAP 5 xkc Trace trap -SIGABRT 6 kc Abort program -SIGFPE 8 k Floating point exception -SIGKILL 9 k Kill -SIGUSR1 10 k User defined signal #1 -SIGSEGV 11 kc Segmentation fault -SIGUSR2 12 k User defined signal #2 -SIGPIPE 13 k Write to a pipe with no reader -SIGALRM 14 k Alarm clock -SIGTERM 15 k Terminate (default for kill(1)) -SIGCHLD 17 pvi Child process terminated -SIGCONT 18 p Continue if stopped -SIGSTOP 19 ps Stop signal -SIGTSTP 20 ps Interactive stop signal -SIGTTIN 21 ps Background read -SIGTTOU 22 ps Background write -SIGWINCH 23 xvi Window size change -.ft R -.fi -.PP -The letters in the notes column indicate: -.PP -.TP 5 -.B k -The process is killed if the signal is not caught. -.TP -.B c -The signal causes a core dump. -.TP -.B i -The signal is ignored if not caught. -.TP -.B v -Only Minix-vmd implements this signal. -.TP -.B x -MINIX 3 extension, not defined by \s-2POSIX\s+2. -.TP -.B p -These signals are not implemented, but \s-2POSIX\s+2 requires that they are -defined. -.TP -.B s -The process should be stopped, but is killed instead. -.PP -The -.B SIGKILL -signal cannot be caught or ignored. The -.B SIGILL -and -.B SIGTRAP -signals cannot be automatically reset. The system silently enforces these -restrictions. This may or may not be reflected by the attributes of these -signals and the signal masks. -.SS Types -\s-2POSIX\s+2 prescribes that has the following definition: -.PP -.RS -.B "typedef int (*sighandler_t)(int)" -.RE -.PP -With this type the following declarations can be made: -.PP -.RS -.ft B -.nf -sighandler_t sa_handler; -sighandler_t signal(int \fIsig\fP, sighandler_t \fIhandler\fP); -.fi -.ft R -.RE -.PP -This may help you to understand the earlier declarations better. The -.B sighandler_t -type is also very useful in old style C code that is compiled by a compiler -for standard C. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR kill (1), -.BR kill (2), -.BR pause (2), -.BR sigprocmask (2), -.BR sigsuspend (2), -.BR sigpending (2), -.BR sigset (3). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -.B Sigaction() -returns -.B 0 -on success or -.B \-1 -on error. -.B Signal() -returns the old handler on success or -.B SIG_ERR -on error. The error code may be: -.PP -.TP 10 -.B EINVAL -Bad signal number. -.TP -.B EFAULT -Bad -.I act -or -.I oact -addresses. -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) - -.\" -.\" $PchId: sigaction.2,v 1.2 1996/04/11 06:00:28 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/sigpending.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/sigpending.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,33 +1,0 @@ -.TH SIGPENDING 2 -.SH NAME -sigpending \- report pending signals -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -#include - -int sigpending(sigset_t *\fIset\fP) -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Sigpending() -returns the set of signals that are waiting to be delivered. They are -currently blocked by the signal mask. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR sigprocmask (2), -.BR sigsuspend (2), -.BR sigset (3). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -Returns -.B 0 -on success and -.B \-1 -on error. The only possible error code is -.B EFAULT -for a bad -.I set -address. -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) - -.\" -.\" $PchId: sigpending.2,v 1.2 1996/04/11 06:01:22 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/sigprocmask.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/sigprocmask.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,75 +1,0 @@ -.TH SIGPROCMASK 2 -.SH NAME -sigprocmask \- manipulate the signal mask -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -#include - -int sigprocmask(int \fIhow\fP, const sigset_t *\fIset\fP, sigset_t *\fIoset\fP) -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Sigprocmask() -examines or manipulates the signal mask. This mask is the set of signals -that are currently blocked. The -.I how -argument determines the action that must be performed. In all cases the -signal set referenced by -.IR oset , -if not -.BR NULL , -will be used to receive the old signal mask. The -.I set -argument, if not -.BR NULL , -will be used to set or modify the current signal mask. -.PP -.I How -can be one of: -.PP -.TP 15 -.B SIG_BLOCK -Add the signals referenced by -.I set -to the mask. -.TP -.B SIG_UNBLOCK -Remove the signals referenced by -.I set -from the mask. -.TP -.B SIG_SETMASK -Set the signal mask to the set referenced by -.IR set . -.PP -The value of -.I how -is ignored if -.I set -is -.BR NULL . -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR sigpending (2), -.BR sigsuspend (2), -.BR sigset (3). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -Returns -.B 0 -on success and -.B \-1 -on error. The error code is -.B EFAULT -for a bad -.I set -or -.I oset -address, or -.B EINVAL -for a bad -.I how -argument. -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) - -.\" -.\" $PchId: sigprocmask.2,v 1.2 1996/04/11 06:02:09 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/sigsuspend.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/sigsuspend.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,39 +1,0 @@ -.TH SIGSUSPEND 2 -.SH NAME -sigsuspend \- suspend until signalled -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -#include - -int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *\fIset\fP) -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Sigsuspend() -installs the signal mask referenced by -.I set -and suspends the process until signalled. The signal is handled, the signal -mask is restored to the value it had before the -.B sigsuspend() -call and call returns. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR pause (2), -.BR sigaction (2), -.BR sigpending (2), -.BR sigprocmask (2), -.BR sigset (3). -.SH DIAGNOSTICS -.B Sigsuspend() -never returns normally, so it always returns -.BR \-1 . -The error code is either -.B EINTR -indicating that a signal has arrived, or -.B EFAULT -for a bad -.I set -address. -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) - -.\" -.\" $PchId: sigsuspend.2,v 1.2 1996/04/11 06:02:41 philip Exp $ Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/stat.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/stat.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,179 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)stat.2 6.5 (Berkeley) 5/12/86 -.\" -.TH STAT 2 "May 12, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -stat, lstat, fstat \- get file status -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -.ta +54n -int stat(const char *\fIpath\fP, struct stat *\fIbuf\fP) -int lstat(const char *\fIpath\fP, struct stat *\fIbuf\fP) -int fstat(int \fIfd\fP, struct stat *\fIbuf\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Stat -obtains information about the file -.IR path . -Read, write or execute -permission of the named file is not required, but all directories -listed in the path name leading to the file must be reachable. -.PP -.B Lstat -is like \fBstat\fP except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link, -in which case -.B lstat -returns information about the link, -while -.B stat -returns information about the file the link references. -.PP -.B Fstat -obtains the same information about an open file -referenced by the argument descriptor, such as would -be obtained by an \fBopen\fP call. Pipe descriptors -look like named pipes with a link count of zero. The -st_size field of pipes or named pipes shows the amount of -bytes currently buffered in the pipe. -.PP -.I Buf -is a pointer to a -.B stat -structure into which information is placed concerning the file. -The contents of the structure pointed to by -.I buf -is as follows: -.PP -.if t .RS -.nf -.ta +0.4i +0.8i +1i -struct stat { - dev_t st_dev; /* device inode resides on */ - ino_t st_ino; /* this inode's number */ - mode_t st_mode; /* file mode, protection bits, etc. */ - nlink_t st_nlink; /* number or hard links to the file */ - uid_t st_uid; /* user-id of the file's owner */ - gid_t st_gid; /* group-id of the file's owner */ - dev_t st_rdev; /* the device type, for inode that is device */ - off_t st_size; /* total size of file */ - time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */ - time_t st_mtime; /* time of last data modification */ - time_t st_ctime; /* time of last file status change */ -}; -.fi -.if t .RE -.DT -.PP -.TP 12 -st_atime -Time when file data was last read or modified. Changed by the following system -calls: -.BR mknod (2), -.BR utime (2), -.BR read (2), -and -.BR write (2). -For reasons of efficiency, -st_atime is not set when a directory -is searched, although this would be more logical. -.TP 12 -st_mtime -Time when data was last modified. -It is not set by changes of owner, group, link count, or mode. -Changed by the following system calls: -.BR mknod (2), -.BR utime (2), -.BR write (2). -.TP 12 -st_ctime -Time when file status was last changed. -It is set both both by writing and changing the i-node. -Changed by the following system calls: -.BR chmod (2) -.BR chown (2), -.BR link (2), -.BR mknod (2), -.BR rename (2), -.BR unlink (2), -.BR utime (2), -.BR write (2). -.PP -The file type information in \fBst_mode\fP has bits: -.PP -.nf -.in +5n -.ta 1.6i 2.5i 3i -#define S_IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */ -#define\ \ \ \ S_IFIFO 0010000 /* named pipe */ -#define\ \ \ \ S_IFCHR 0020000 /* character special */ -#define\ \ \ \ S_IFDIR 0040000 /* directory */ -#define\ \ \ \ S_IFBLK 0060000 /* block special */ -#define\ \ \ \ S_IFREG 0100000 /* regular */ -#define\ \ \ \ S_IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */ -.fi -.in -5n -.PP -The mode bits 0007777 encode set-uid/gid bits and -permission bits (see -.BR chmod (2)). -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Stat -and -.B lstat -will fail if one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Buf -or -.I name -points to an invalid address. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.PP -.B Fstat -will fail if one or both of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -.I Fildes -is not a valid open file descriptor. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Buf -points to an invalid address. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR chmod (2), -.BR chown (2), -.BR utime (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/svrctl.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/svrctl.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,59 +1,0 @@ -.\" svrctl.2 -.\" -.\" Created: July, 1994 by Philip Homburg -.TH svrctl 2 -.SH NAME -svrctl \- special server control functions -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int svrctl(u32_t \fIrequest\fP, void *\fIdata\fP); -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Svrctl -allows root to control the kernel in various ways, or implements some very -MINIX 3 specific system calls that don't deserve their own system call number. -.PP -This system call makes it easy to add new ways of setting and getting kernel -parameters, but at the same time, backwards compatibility is not guaranteed. -Read the include file to see what the struct's mentioned below -look like. Most calls are root-only, unless specified otherwise. -.PP -The only way to know how to properly use these calls is to study the -associated kernel or server code, or the programs that already use these -calls. -.PP -Current requests are: -.TP 5 -.B MMSIGNON -Inform MM that the current process wants to become a server. -.TP -.B MMSWAPON -Instruct MM to mount a file or device as swapspace. -.TP -.B MMSWAPOFF -Tell MM to stop using swapspace. -.TP -.B FSSIGNON -Register a new device with FS. -.ig -.TP -.B FSDEVMAP -Translate a device number to a task number, minor device pair using a -\fBstruct fsdevmap\fP -.. -.TP -.B SYSSIGNON -Inform the kernel that the process want to become a server. -The processes task number is filled-in in a \fBstruct systaskinfo\fP. -.TP -.B SYSGETENV -Request the value of one or all boot parameters. Can be used by non-root. -.SH "RETURN VALUES" -.B Svrctl -returns 0 upon success and -1 upon failure. -.SH AUTHOR -Philip Homburg Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/symlink.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/symlink.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,77 +1,0 @@ -.TH SYMLINK 2 "March 17, 2006" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -symlink \- make a symbolic link to a file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int symlink(const char *\fIname1\fP, const char *\fIname2\fP) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -A symbolic link -.I name2 -is created. -The link has the name -.IR name1 . -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, -a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Symlink -will fail and no link will be created if one or more of the following -are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of either path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -A path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -A component of either path prefix does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -A component of either path prefix denies search permission. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -The requested link requires writing in a directory with a mode -that denies write permission. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating one of the pathnames. -.TP 15 -[EEXIST] -The link named by \fIname2\fP exists. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -The directory in which the entry for the new link is being placed -cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file -system containing the directory. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The directory in which the entry for the new link -is being placed cannot be extended because the -user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the directory has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to -the file system to make the directory entry. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file -system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -One of the pathnames specified -is outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR link (2), -.BR unlink (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/sync.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/sync.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,32 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)sync.2 6.2 (Berkeley) 6/30/85 -.\" -.TH SYNC 2 "June 30, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -sync, fsync \- update dirty buffers and super-block -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int sync(void) -int fsync(fd) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Sync -causes all information in the file system -buffers that should be on disk to be written out. -This includes modified super blocks, -modified i-nodes, and delayed block I/O. -.B -Fsync -does the same thing, but only for the blocks associated with a specific -file descriptor. Under minix, currently the two calls do the same thing. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR reboot (2), -.BR sync (8). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/time.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/time.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,62 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)gettimeofday.2 6.7 (Berkeley) 5/14/86 -.\" -.TH TIME 2 "May 14, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -time, stime \- get/set date and time -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -time_t time(time_t *\fItp\fP) -int stime(time_t *\fItp\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The system's notion of the current Greenwich time -is obtained with the -.B time -call, and set with the -.B stime -call. -The time is expressed -in seconds since midnight (0 hour), January 1, 1970. -The time is both returned by -.B time -and stored in the variable pointed to by -.I tp -unless -.I tp -is the null pointer. -.PP -.B Stime -obtains the time to set from the variable pointed to by -.IR tp . -.PP -Only the super-user may set the time of day. -.SH RETURN -A 0 return value from -.B stime -indicates that the call succeeded. -.B Time -returns the current time on success. -A \-1 return value indicates an error occurred, and in this -case an error code is stored into the global variable \fBerrno\fP. -.SH "ERRORS -The following error codes may be set in \fBerrno\fP: -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -The -.I tp -address referenced invalid memory. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -A user other than the super-user attempted to set the time. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR date (1), -.BR ctime (3). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/times.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/times.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,68 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)times.3c 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/9/85 -.\" -.TH TIMES 2 "May 9, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -times \- get process times -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include -#include - -int times(struct tms *\fIbuffer\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Times -returns time-accounting information -for the current process -and for the terminated child processes -of the current process. -All times are in 1/CLOCKS_PER_SEC seconds. -.PP -This is the structure returned by -.BR times : -.PP -.RS -.nf -.ta +0.4i +0.8i +1.2i -struct tms { - clock_t tms_utime; /* user time for this process */ - clock_t tms_stime; /* system time for this process */ - clock_t tms_cutime; /* children's user time */ - clock_t tms_cstime; /* children's system time */ -}; -.fi -.RE -.PP -The user time is the number of clock ticks used by a process on -its own computations. The system time is the number of clock ticks -spent inside the kernel on behalf of a process. This does not -include time spent waiting for I/O to happen, only actual CPU -instruction times. -.PP -The children times are the sum -of the children's process times and -their children's times. -.SH RETURN -.B Times -returns 0 on success, otherwise \-1 with the error code stored into the -global variable -.BR errno . -.SH ERRORS -The following error code may be set in -.BR errno : -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -The address specified by the -.I buffer -parameter is not in a valid part of the process address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR time (1), -.BR wait (2), -.BR time (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/truncate.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/truncate.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,30 +1,0 @@ -.TH TRUNCATE 2 "Feb 13, 2006" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -truncate, ftruncate \- truncate a file to a specified length (may extend) -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include - -int truncate(char *filename, off_t length); -int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length); -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Truncate -causes the file -.B filename -to be set to the length -.B length -causing data after that size to be lost. If the file is set to a -length larger than the current file size, the new region can be -written to but reads as zeroes. There will be no disk blocks reserved -for it. This is a hole. -.PP -.B Ftruncate -does the same thing as -.B truncate -but operates on a file descriptor instead of a filename. -.SH "SEE ALSO -.BR fcntl (2) Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/umask.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/umask.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,38 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)umask.2 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/9/85 -.\" -.TH UMASK 2 "May 9, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -umask \- set file creation mode mask -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -mode_t umask(mode_t \fImask\fP) -.ft R -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Umask -sets the process's file mode creation mask to \fImask\fP -and returns the previous value of the mask. The low-order -9 bits of \fImask\fP are used whenever a file is created, -clearing corresponding bits in the file mode -(see -.BR chmod (2)). -This clearing allows each user to restrict the default access -to his files. -.PP -The value is initially 022 (write access for owner only). -The mask is inherited by child processes. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -The previous value of the file mode mask is returned by the call. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR chmod (2), -.BR mknod (2), -.BR open (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/uname.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/uname.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,35 +1,0 @@ -.TH UNAME 2 -.SH NAME -uname \- get system info -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include - -int uname(struct utsname *name) -.fi -.ft P -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Uname() -fills a struct utsname with system information. This structure is described -in as follows: -.PP -.nf -.ta +4n +6n +25n -struct utsname { - char sysname[15+1]; /* System name */ - char nodename[255+1]; /* Node/Network name */ - char release[11+1]; /* O.S. release */ - char version[7+1]; /* O.S. version */ - char machine[11+1]; /* Machine hardware */ - char arch[11+1]; /* Architecture */ -}; -.fi -.PP -The strings are always null terminated, and may be of a different length then -shown here. The first five are required by \s-2POSIX\s+2, the last is -MINIX 3 specific. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR uname (1). -.SH AUTHOR -Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl) Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/unlink.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/unlink.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,84 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)unlink.2 6.2 (Berkeley) 5/22/85 -.\" -.TH UNLINK 2 "May 22, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -unlink \- remove directory entry -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include - -int unlink(const char *path) -.fi -.ft R -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Unlink -removes the entry for the file -.I path -from its directory. -If this entry was the last link to the file, -and no process has the file open, then -all resources associated with the file are reclaimed. -If, however, the file was open in any process, the actual -resource reclamation is delayed until it is closed, -even though the directory entry has disappeared. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -The \fIunlink\fP succeeds unless: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Write permission is denied on the directory containing the link -to be removed. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The named file is a directory. -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The directory containing the file is marked sticky, -and neither the containing directory nor the file to be removed -are owned by the effective user ID. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EBUSY] -The entry to be unlinked is the mount point for a -mounted file system. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while deleting the directory entry -or deallocating the inode. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The named file resides on a read-only file system. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I Path -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR close (2), -.BR link (2), -.BR rmdir (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/utime.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/utime.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,85 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)utimes.2 6.4 (Berkeley) 8/26/85 -.\" -.TH UTIME 2 "August 26, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -utime \- set file times -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -int utime(const char *\fIfile\fP, struct utimbuf *\fItimes\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -The -.B utime -call -uses the -\*(lqaccessed\*(rq and \*(lqupdated\*(rq times -from the utimbuf structure pointed to by -.I times -to set the corresponding recorded times for -.I file. -.PP -Struct utimbuf is defined in as follows: -.PP -.RS -.nf -.ta +0.4i +0.8i +1.0i -struct utimbuf { - time_t actime; /* access time */ - time_t modtime; /* modification time */ -}; -.fi -.RE -.PP -The caller must be the owner of the file or the super-user. -The \*(lqinode-changed\*(rq time of the file is set to the current time. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. -Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH "ERRORS -.B Utime -will fail if one or more of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[ENOTDIR] -A component of the path prefix is not a directory. -.TP 15 -[EINVAL] -The pathname contains a character with the high-order bit set. -.TP 15 -[ENAMETOOLONG] -The path name exceeds PATH_MAX characters. -.TP 15 -[ENOENT] -The named file does not exist. -.TP 15 -[ELOOP] -Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname. -(Minix-vmd) -.TP 15 -[EPERM] -The process is not super-user and not the owner of the file. -.TP 15 -[EACCES] -Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. -.TP 15 -[EROFS] -The file system containing the file is mounted read-only. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -.I File -or \fItimes\fP points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading or writing the affected inode. -.SH SEE ALSO -.BR stat (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/wait.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/wait.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,162 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)wait.2 6.2 (Berkeley) 6/30/85 -.\" -.TH WAIT 2 "June 30, 1985" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -wait, waitpid \- wait for process to terminate -.SH SYNOPSIS -.ft B -.nf -#include -#include - -pid_t wait(int *\fIstatus\fP) -pid_t waitpid(pid_t \fIpid\fP, int *\fIstatus\fP, int \fIoptions\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Wait -causes its caller to delay until a signal is received or -one of its child -processes terminates. -If any child has died since the last -.BR wait , -return is immediate, returning the process id and -exit status of one of the terminated -children. -If there are no children, return is immediate with -the value \-1 returned. -.PP -On return from a successful -.B wait -call, -.I status -is nonzero, and the high byte of -.I status -contains the low byte of the argument to -.B exit -supplied by the child process; -the low byte of -.I status -contains the termination status of the process. -A more precise definition of the -.I status -word is given in -.RI < sys/wait.h >. -.B Wait -can be called with a null pointer argument to indicate that no status need -be returned. -.PP -.B Waitpid -provides an alternate interface for programs -that must not block when collecting the status -of child processes, or that wish to wait for -one particular child. The pid parameter is -the process ID of the child to wait for, \-1 -for any child. The -.I status -parameter is defined as above. The -.I options -parameter is used to indicate the call should not block if -there are no processes that wish to report status (WNOHANG), -and/or that children of the current process that are stopped -due to a SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU, SIGTSTP, or SIGSTOP signal should also have -their status reported (WUNTRACED). (Job control is not implemented for -MINIX 3, but these symbols and signals are.) -.PP -When the WNOHANG option is specified and no processes -wish to report status, -.B waitpid -either returns 0 under some implementations, or \-1 with -.B errno -set to -.B EAGAIN -under others. -(Under MINIX 3 it returns 0.) -The WNOHANG and WUNTRACED options may be combined by -.IR or 'ing -the two values. -.SH NOTES -The call -.BI "wait(&" status ")" -is equivalent to -.BI "waitpid(\-1, &" status ", 0)\fR." -.PP -See -.BR sigaction (2) -for a list of termination statuses (signals); -0 status indicates normal termination. -A special status (0177) is returned for a stopped process -that has not terminated and can be restarted; -see -.BR ptrace (2). -If the 0200 bit of the termination status -is set, -a core image of the process was produced -by the system. -.PP -If the parent process terminates without -waiting on its children, -the initialization process -(process ID = 1) -inherits the children. -.PP -.I -defines a number of macros that operate on a status word: -.TP 5 -.BI "WIFEXITED(" status ")" -True if normal exit. -.TP 5 -.BI "WEXITSTATUS(" status ")" -Exit status if the process returned by a normal exit, zero otherwise. -.TP 5 -.BI "WTERMSIG(" status ")" -Signal number if the process died by a signal, zero otherwise. -.TP 5 -.BI "WIFSIGNALED(" status ")" -True if the process died by a signal. -.TP 5 -.BI "WIFSTOPPED(" status ")" -True if the process is stopped. (Never true under MINIX 3.) -.TP 5 -.BI "WSTOPSIG(" status ")" -Signal number of the signal that stopped the process. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -If \fBwait\fP returns due to a stopped -or terminated child process, the process ID of the child -is returned to the calling process. Otherwise, a value of \-1 -is returned and \fBerrno\fP is set to indicate the error. -.PP -.B Waitpid -returns \-1 if there are no children not previously waited for or if -the process that it wants to wait for doesn't exist. -.PP -.B Waitpid -returns 0 if WNOHANG is specified and there are no stopped or exited -children. (Under other implementations it may return \-1 instead. Portable -code should test for both possibilities.) -.SH ERRORS -.B Wait -will fail and return immediately if one or more of the following -are true: -.TP 15 -[ECHILD] -The calling process has no existing unwaited-for -child processes. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -The \fIstatus\fP argument points to an illegal address. -.TP 15 -[EAGAIN] -.B Waitpid -is called with the WNOHANG option and no child has exited yet. (Not under -MINIX 3, it'll return 0 in this case and leave -.B errno -alone.) -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR execve (2), -.BR exit (2), -.BR sigaction (2). Index: trunk/minix/man/man2/write.2 =================================================================== --- trunk/minix/man/man2/write.2 (revision 9) +++ (revision ) @@ -1,97 +1,0 @@ -.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. -.\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement -.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. -.\" -.\" @(#)write.2 6.5 (Berkeley) 5/14/86 -.\" -.TH WRITE 2 "May 14, 1986" -.UC 4 -.SH NAME -write \- write output -.SH SYNOPSIS -.nf -.ft B -#include -#include - -ssize_t write(int \fId\fP, const void *\fIbuf\fP, size_t \fInbytes\fP) -.fi -.SH DESCRIPTION -.B Write -attempts to write -.I nbytes -of data to the object referenced by the descriptor -.I d -from the buffer pointed to by -.IR buf . -.PP -On objects capable of seeking, the \fBwrite\fP starts at a position -given by the pointer associated with -.IR d , -see -.BR lseek (2). -Upon return from -.BR write , -the pointer is incremented by the number of bytes actually written. -.PP -Objects that are not capable of seeking always write from the current -position. The value of the pointer associated with such an object -is undefined. -.PP -When using non-blocking I/O on objects such as TCP/IP channels that are -subject to flow control, -.B write -may write fewer bytes than requested; -the return value must be noted, -and the remainder of the operation should be retried when possible. -.SH "RETURN VALUE -Upon successful completion the number of bytes actually written -is returned. Otherwise a \-1 is returned and the global variable -.B errno -is set to indicate the error. -.SH ERRORS -.B Write -will fail and the file pointer will remain unchanged if one or more -of the following are true: -.TP 15 -[EBADF] -\fID\fP is not a valid descriptor open for writing. -.TP 15 -[EPIPE] -An attempt is made to write to a pipe that is not open -for reading by any process. -.TP 15 -[EPIPE] -An attempt is made to write to a TCP channel -that is not connected to a peer socket. -.TP 15 -[EFBIG] -An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the process's -file size limit or the maximum file size. -.TP 15 -[EFAULT] -Part of the data to be written to the file -points outside the process's allocated address space. -.TP 15 -[ENOSPC] -There is no free space remaining on the file system -containing the file. -.ig -.TP 15 -[EDQUOT] -The user's quota of disk blocks on the file system -containing the file has been exhausted. -.. -.TP 15 -[EIO] -An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. -.TP 15 -[EAGAIN] -The file was marked for non-blocking I/O, -and no data could be written immediately. -.SH "SEE ALSO" -.BR fcntl (2), -.BR lseek (2), -.BR open (2), -.BR pipe (2), -.BR read (2).